Organizing Data
Data Relationships
Producing Data & Experiments
Probability & Distributions
Inference & Tests
100

What two graphical displays best describe categorical data?

What are pie charts and bar graphs?

100
observed y - predicted y
What is the residual?
100

A treatment that has no active ingredient but is otherwise like other treatments.

What is a placebo?

100
This type of random variable requires a fixed number of trials.
What is a binomial random variable?
100

The type of significance test used for the mean of a single population when the standard deviation of the population is unknown.

What is a T test?

200
This measure of center is more resistant to outliers than the mean.
What is the median?
200
Measures the direction and strength of a linear relationship between two quantitative variables.
What is correlation (or r)?
200
This phrase is used to describe an observed effect so large that it would rarely occur by chance.
What is statistically significant?
200
The type of variable where the probability distribution assigns probability as the area under the density curve above a specific interval.
What is a continuous random variable?
200

This error occurs if we reject Ho when Ho is true. That is, the data give convincing evidence that Ha is true when it really isn’t

What is a Type I Error?

300
To calculate, subtract the mean of the distribution from the observed x, then divide by the standard deviation.
What is the z-score (or standardized value)?
300
The fraction of the variables in the values of y that is explained by the LSR of y on x.
What is the coefficient of determination (or r squared)?
300

This occurs when two variables are associated in such a way that their effects on a response variable cannot be distinguished from each other

What is confounding?

300

Events that have no outcomes in common and can never occur simultaneously, for which the addition rule is used.

What are mutually exclusive events?

300
The conditions to use this test include all expected counts be greater than or equal to 1 and no more than 20% of all the expected counts be less than 5.
What is the goodness of fit (or chi-square) test?
400

This rule helps to determine if data is normally distributed by checking the number of observations within each interval.

What is the 68-95-99.7 rule?
(Empirical Rule)

400

ŷ = a + bx

What is the equation of a regression line?

400
This experimental design involves the random assignment of units to treatments which are carried out separately within each group of units known to be similar in some way that is expected to affect the responses.
What is block design?
400

For any chance process, the probability that events A and B both occur can be found.

What is the general multiplication rule?

400

The three conditions for checking any inference.

What are randomness, 10% rule, and large counts?

500

The square of the standard deviation.

What is the variance?

500

Points in regression that have much larger or much smaller x-values than the other points in the data set.

What is high leverage?

500

The 4 basic principles of experimental design.

What are compare, randomize, replicate, and control?

500

The probability that one event happens given that another event is known to have happened.
Ex. A happens given that event B has happened is denoted by P(A|B).

What is conditional probability?

500

(statistic - parameter) / standard error of statistic

What is the standardized test statistic? (How to calculate it.)

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