General Rules
Given an event, A, what equation gives you the probability that event A will NOT occur?
What is ....
P(A') = 1 - P(A)
or
P(A')+P(A)=1
A coin is tossed 3 times. What is the probability that it lands on heads exactly one time?
What is...
HHH TTT HHT HTT TTH THH HTH THT
3/8 = .375
Events that do not impact each other's probability.
What is...
independent
What is ...
P(rolling three 4s) = P(4)*P(4)*P(4) = P(4)^3
or (1/6)*(1/6)*(1/6)= (1/6)^3
The probability the a vehicle chosen at random will be a car.
What is ... 24/40 or 3/5 or 0.6
Given two independent events, A and B, what is the probability that event A and B occurs.
What is...
P(A and B) = P(A) * P(B)
Armando is a high school baseball player. He gets a hit 70% of the time. That means his average is 0.70. What is the probability that he gets his first successful hit on his third swing?
What is ...
0.3*0.3*0.7= 0.063
two events that cannot occur simultaneously
What is....
mutually exclusive or disjoint
The rule for the probability of pulling a red or queen from a standard deck of cards.
What is...
P(Red or Queen)= P(red)+P(queen) - P(red and queen)
The probability that a vehicle chosen at random will be a white van.
What is ...
8/40 or 1/5 or 0.2
Given two mutually exclusive events, A and B, what is the probability that event A or event B occurs?
What is ...
P(A or B)= P(A) + P(B)
The two equations used to determine independence between 2 events.
What is...
P(A|B)=P(A)
or
P(B|A)=P(B)
two events that cannot occur together, but one must happen
What is...
complementary
The rule for finding the probability of a female given that they are an AP stats student.
The probability that a can chosen at random will be black.
What is....
7/24
Given two events, A and B, what is the probability that event A and B occurs.
What is...
P(A and B) = P(A) * P(B|A)
90% of the people who have a particular disease will have a positive result on a given diagnostic test (90% accuracy). If 5% of a certain population has the disease, what percent of that population would test positive for the disease?
What is ... using a tree diagram: positive|disease + positive|no disease, (.05)(.90)+(.95)(.10)
14% or 0.14
events that do impact each other's probability
what is ...
dependent
The probability distribution that meets the BINS conditions: Binary outcomes, Independent trials, fixed Number of trials, Same probability for success.
What is ...
binomial distribution
The probability that a silver vehicle chosen at random will be a van.
What is ...
3/13
Given two events, A and B, what is the probability that event A or event B occurs?
What is ...
P(A or B)= P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)
or
P(A or B)= P(A) + P(B) - P(A)*P(B|A)
Two events are this if they share no outcomes in common
What is ...
disjoint or mutually exclusive
contains all of the possible outcomes
what is...
sample space
An example of this type of probability would be finding the probability that the fourth tropical storm produces the first hurricane.
What is ...
geometric distribution
The probability that a car chosen at random is not silver.
What is .... 27/40