Sampling & Experiments
Neither the subject nor those who measure the response variable know which treatment a subject received.
What is a double-blind experiment?
In an inference test, this is the probability of observing the sample results (or more extreme) if the null hypothesis is in fact true.
What is the P-value?
This is how you calculate outliers for one variable data
What is Q1 - 1.5(IQR) and Q3 + 1.5(IQR)?
This is how you would find the probability of rolling a fair die three times and getting three fours.
What is P(rolling three 4s) = P(4)*P(4)*P(4) = P(4)^3?
or What (1/6)3?
These are the calculator commands for finding correlation coefficient "r" for data you have in L1 and L2
What is STAT-->CALC-->8:LinReg(a+bx) L1, L2?
When a variable, other than the explanatory variable, affects the response variable, making it difficult to determine which variable actually caused the response
What is confounding?
It is critical value times the standard error of the sample statistic
What is the margin of error?
While the mean of a sampling distribution is equal to the population mean, this is how to calculate the standard deviation/error for a sampling distribution of means
What is the population (or more usually the sample) standard deviation divided by the square root of the sample size?
This is a specific type of random variable for which there are only two outcomes, the probability of success stays constant, and we are looking for a certain number of successes in a set number of trials
What is binomial random variable?
The calculator commands for finding the probability of exactly 8 successes in 12 trials given the probability of success is 45%.
What is DISTR(or 2nd VARS)-->binompdf(12,.45,8)?
When some groups in the population are left out of the process of choosing a sample
What is undercoverage?
It means that a data value is 1.45 standard deviations below the mean of the data set.
What is a z-score of -1.45?
This is how to determine if two events, A and B, are independent.
What is, if P(A|B) = P(A)?
This is the rule for finding the probability of a female given that they are an AP Stats student.
What is P(Female|AP Stats Student) = P(Female AP Stats Student)/P(AP Stats Student)
The calculator commands for determining the z* for a 92% confidence interval
What is DISTR (or 2nd VARS)--> invNorm(.96)?
The population is divided into heterogeneous groups. Some groups are randomly selected and all individuals in the chosen groups are sampled.
What is cluster sampling?
This is the percent of intervals, in the long run, created by multiple samples of similar size, that would capture the true population parameter
What is the confidence level?
The standard deviation of the difference between two random variables.
What is the square root of the sum of the variances of the two random variables?
If the probability of success is consistently 30%, and trials are independent, then his is how you'd find the probability of obtaining the first success on the 5th trial.
What is P(X=5) = q4p
The calculator commands for finding the p-value for a chi-squared test, given the chi-squared test statistic is 7.8 and degrees of freedom is 10
What is 2nd-> VARS (Distr)->X2cdf (7.8, 999, 10)?
A type of grouping done in a study when testers want to look for evidence a mean increase/decrease in the response variable comparing before the explanatory variable, and after the explanatory variable was applied.
What is matched pairs?
In the least-square regression line,
predicted response = 15 - 4(explanatory),
It represents the predicted response, on average, for every one unit increase in the explanatory variable.
What is the slope of -4?
This is how you find the mean or expected value of a discrete random variable
What is the sum the products of the x values and their respective probabilities?
This is when two events, A and B, cannot occur at the same time P(A and B)=0
What is mutually exclusive or disjoint?
The calculator commands for finding the probability of at least 8 successes in 12 trials given the probability of success is 45%.
What is DISTR (or 2nd VARS)--> 1-binomcdf(12,.45,7)?