Exploring Data
This measure of center is more resistant to outliers than the mean.
What is the median?
The population is divided into groups. Some groups are randomly selected and all individuals in the chosen groups are sampled.
What is cluster sampling?
This type of random variable requires a fixed number of trials.
What is a binomial random variable?
This phrase is used to describe an observed effect so large that it would rarely occur by chance.
What is statistically significant?
To calculate, subtract the mean of the distribution from the observed mean, then divide by the standard deviation.
What is the z-score? (or Standardized Score)
This rule helps to determine if data is normally distributed by checking the number of observations within each interval.
A specific condition, intervention, or set of procedures applied to experimental units to measure its effect on a response variable.
What is a treatment?
The type of variable where the probability distribution assigns probability as the area under the density curve above a specific interval.
What is a continuous random variable?
a procedure that compares the means of two related groups—such as before-and-after measurements—to determine if there is a statistically significant difference between them.
What is a paired t-test (or matched pairs t-test) for mean difference?
This calculator command can be used to calculate the cumulative probability (area under the curve) of a normal distribution between a lower and upper bound.
What is normalcdf?
The square of the Standard Deviation
What is the variance?
A sampling method where researchers select members of a population at a regular, predetermined interval (k), after a random start.
What is systematic sampling?
Events that have no outcomes in common and can never occur simultaneously, for which the addition rule is used.
What are mutually exclusive events? (or disjoint)
A statistical method used to analyze categorical data to determine if observed results match expected results or if two variables are associated.
What is chi-squared test? (for Goodness of Fit or Independence)
The calculator command for generating 3 random numbers from 1 to 9?
What is randInt(1,9,3)?
The difference in the observed y-value and the predicted y-value.
What is the residual?
This experimental design involves the random assignment of units to treatments which are carried out separately within each group of units known to be similar in some way that is expected to affect the responses.
What is blocking?
The distribution used to calculate probability of the first success occurring on the seventh try.
What is a geometric distribution?
A procedure used to estimate the difference between the true difference in population proportions.
A table used to find critical-values for confidence intervals and hypothesis testing based on degrees of freedom (df) and confidence levels (e.g., 95%, 99%).
What is Table B? (or t-distribution table)
A mnemonic device used to describe the distribution of quantitative data, usually requiring added context.
What is SOCV? (or SOCS): Shape, Outliers, Center, and Variability (or Spread).
Neither the subject nor those who measure the reponse variable know which treatment a subject received.
What is a double-blind experiment?
P(B|A) = P(B)
or
P(A and B) = P(A)P(B)
What are independent events?
"Assuming the mean body temperature is 98.6 °F, there is a 0.023 probability of getting a sample mean of 97.9 °F or less, purely by chance."
What is interpreting the p-value?
b +/- t*SEb
What is a confidence interval for slope (B) of a true regression line?