Bias
Occurs when groups in a population are left out.
What is Undercoverage
Are similar within but different between.
What is a stratified sample?
When no treatments are imposed.
What is an observational study?
Smallest collection of individuals to which treatments are applied.
What are experimental units?
An observed effect so large that it would rarely occur by chance.
What is statistically significant?
Depends on which question is asked first
What is question order bias?
Is performed so that every single individual has an equal chance of being chosen.
What is a simple random sample?
A single unit might receive both treatments in random order and their responses are compared.
What is a matched pairs design?
Variable whose levels are manipulated intentionally.
What is the explanatory variable?
This type of sampling has the least variability.
What is stratified?
Occurs when individuals refuse to participate when picked in a random sample.
What is nonresponse?
Interviewer chooses individuals who are easiest to reach.
What is a convenience sample?
Individuals are broken up into groups that are similar to each other (Example: juniors and seniors)
What is a block design?
True or False
Increasing the sample size corrects issues that arise from a biased sampling method.
What is FALSE?
People who choose themselves to participate in a survey.
What is voluntary response?
Occurs when a person is not honest when answering a survey question.
What is response bias?
Are similar between but different within.
What is a cluster sample?
Treatments are assigned to all experimental units completely by chance.
What is a completely Randomized design?
When two variables are associated in such a way that their effects on a response variable can not be distinguished from one another.
What is confounding?
First step for conducting a Simple Random Sample.
What is label every member of the population with a number?
When extra information is given in a survey question that may influence an answer
What is question wording bias?
When the sample consists of every single individual in the population.
What is a census?
This group receives no treatment.
What is the control group?
Experiment in which the subjects nor the research team know which treatments subjects are receiving.
What is double-blind?
Response to a dummy treatment.
What is the placebo effect?