Sampling & Experiments
Neither the subject nor those who measure the reponse variable know which treatment a subject received.
double-blind experiment
The type of significance test used for the mean of a single population when the standard deviation of the population is unknown.
T-test
observed y - predicted y
residual
This type of random variable requires a fixed number of trials.
binomial random variable
a
alpha
A common form of blocking for comparing just two treatments.
matched pairs
The formula to calculate the one-sample z statistic.
z = (x bar minus mu sub o) divided by (sigma divided by the square root of n)
Measures the direction and strength of a linear relationship between two quantitative variables.
correlation or "r"
Events that have no outcomes in common and can never occur simultaneously, for which the addition rule is used.
mutually exclusive events
σ
sigma
When some groups in the population are left out of the process of choosing a sample
undercoverage
The conditions to use this test include all expected counts be greater than or equal to 1 and no more than 20% of all the expected counts be less than 5.
goodness of fit test
The fraction of the variables in the values of y that is explained by the LSR of y on x.
coefficient of determination
The type of variable where the probability distribution assigns probability as the area under the density curve above a specific interval.
contnous random variable
x̄
x-bar
The population is divided into groups. Some groups are randomly selected and all individuals in the chosen groups are sampled.
cluster sampling
Two of the conditions to be verified for inference about a proportion.
the population size be greater than or equal to 10n and n times p hat & n times (1 - p hat) be greater than or equal to 10
Applying a logarithmic transformation to both variables causes this type of model to become linear
power model
The condition involving the population size that must be satisfied to use sigma divided by the square root of n as the standard deviation of a sampling distribution.
the population is at least 10 times the sample size
P(A)
probability of event a
The effects of two variables on the response cannot be distinguished from each other.
confounding
b +/- t*SE sub b
the confidence interval for slope beta of a true regression line
when the p-value is low do what to the null
reject it
For a normal distribution, approximately 68% of the observations are within 1 standard deviation of the mean, approximately 95% of observations are within 2 standard deviations of the mean, and approximately 99.7% of observations are within 3 standard deviations of the mean
the empirical rule
N
population size