The average distance of observations from their mean.
What is standard deviation?
100
the difference between an observed value of the response an the value predicted by a regression line.
What is a residual?
100
This type of random sample consists of separate simple random samples drawn from groups of similar individuals
What is stratified?
100
When an event in X occurring tells us nothing about the occurrence of an event involving Y, we say that X and Y are this.
What is independent?
100
a number that describes a population.
What is a parameter?
200
The shape of a distribution if one tail of the graph is much longer than the other.
What is skewed?
200
This type of association is defined when above average values of the explanatory are accompanied by above average values of the response.
What is positive association?
200
This type of study can not be used to establish cause-effect relationships.
What is an observational study?
200
Adding a constant to each value of a random variable has no effect on the shape or measure of THIS of a distribution.
What is spread?
200
a statistic is said to be THIS if the mean of the sampling distribution is equal to the true value of the parameter being estimated.
What is unbiased?
300
Tells you what values a variable takes on and how often it takes these values.
What is a distribution?
300
An important note to remember is that association does not imply THIS.
What is causation?
300
When neither the subjects nor those measuring the response know which treatment a subject received?
What is double blind?
300
The set of all possible outcomes for a chance process.
What is a sample space?
300
To calculate this, we take the population standard deviation divided by the square root of the sample size.
What is the standard deviation of the mean?
400
To standardize a value, we subtract this number, then divide by the standard deviation.
What is a mean?
400
This number describes the fraction of variability in y values that is explained by least squares regression on x.
What is the coefficient of determination?
400
a "fake" treatment that is sometimes used in experiments.
What is a placebo?
400
Another term for disjoint.
What is mutually exclusive?
400
the distribution of values taken by the statistic in all possible samples of the same size from the population.
What is a sampling distribution?
500
The mathematician who first applied Normal curves to data to errors made by astronomers and surveyors.
Who is Gauss?
500
When the use of a regression line is used to make a prediction far outside the observed x values, we call it this.
What is extrapolation?
500
An observed effect that is too large to have occurred by chance alone.
What is significant?
500
This states that the proportion of times an outcome occurs in many repetitions will approach a a single value, namely the outcome's probability.
What is the law of large numbers?
500
This tells us if the sample size is large, then the sampling distribution of the sample mean is approximately Normal, regardless of the shape of the population.