Probability
What is the formula for the probability of an event?
(Number of favorable outcomes/total number of outcomes)
This test is used to determine if there is a significant difference between two means of independent groups
What is the two sample t test?
The method of assigning treatments so that each subject has an equal chance of being chosen for any treatment
What is random assignment?
What is the Formula for Sample Mean?
Mean = x/n
Why wouldn't we want to use voluntary sampling?
Susceptible to Bias
What does the U symbol mean?
It means Union, and is read as the probability of a OR b
This test compares observed frequencies with expected frequencies to determine if there is a significant association between categorical variables
What is a chi-square test for independence?
The factor in an experiment that is manipulated to determine if it causes a change in another variable
What is the independent variable?
What is the Formula for Sample Standard Deviation
s= square root (x-x̄)^2/n-1
Name some benefits of Random Sampling
Simplicity, Lack of Bias, Everyone has an Equal Chance to be chosen
What does the ∩ symbol mean?
What is a matched pairs t test?
This principle involves comparing the effects of a treatment with a control group to measure its impact
What is a control?
What is the formula for z score?
z = x-μ/σ
Why would we use Blocking?
To remove the effects of confounding variable
What is the formula for the probability for the union of two events?
P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B)
This test compares the proportions of success between two independent groups
What is the two-proportion z test?
A design where neither the participant nor the researcher knows the treatment
What is a double blind?
What is wrong about this formula for a Confidence Interval of a Population Proportion?
p̂± z* square root ((p̂(1-μ))/(n))
μ does not belong, it should be p̂
What are "Strata?"
Groups within a population that are linked together based on similar characteristics
What does P(A|B) mean?
The probability of A GIVEN B
This test is used to assess whether the variance of a single sample differs significantly from a known population variance
What is a chi-square test for variance?
This term refers to a consistency of measurement
What is reliability?
What is the formula for the t statistic in a one sample t test?
t = ((x̄-μ)/s/square root n)
This sampling method involves dividing the population into groups and randomly selecting individuals from each group
What is stratified random sampling?