One man, one vote. Ordered state legislative districts to be as near equal as possible in population.
Baker v. Carr
100
Banned presidential use of line item veto.
Clinton v. NY
200
Established national supremacy; established implied powers; use of elastic clause, said states can't tax federal institutions
McCulloch v. Maryland
200
School segregation is unconstitutional; segregation psychologically damaging to blacks.
Brown v. Board of Education
200
Established warnings of counsel and silence to those persons arrested.
Miranda v. Arizona
200
Established national abortion guidelines.
Roe v. Wade
200
Use of 14th amendments equal protection clause to stop the Florida recount in the 2000 election.
Bush v. Gore
300
Established separate but equal. Gave Supreme Court approval to Jim Crow Laws.
Plessy v. Ferguson
300
Established exclusionary rule; illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court
Mapp v. Ohio
300
Allowed for executive privege, but not in criminal cases; Even the President is not above the law.
U.S. v. Nixon
300
No racial gerrymandering; race cannot be the sole or predominant factor in redrawing legislative boundaries.
Shaw v. Reno
400
Established a broad interpretation of the Commerce Clause; determined Congress power encompassed virtually every form of commercial activity, confirmed gov's ability to regulate interstate trade on rivers
Gibbons v. Ogden
400
Established that obscenity is not within the area of constitutionally protected speech or press
Roth v. United States
400
Ordered states to provide lawyers for those unable to afford them in criminal proceedings.
Gideon v. Wainwright
400
Declared strict quotas unconstitutional but states may allow race to be taken into account as ONE factor in admissions decisions.
U.C. Regents v. Bakke
500
Limited freedom of speach during WWI. Clear and present danger test; shouting fire in a crowded theatre.
Schenck v. U.S.
500
Prohibited state-sponsored recitation of prayer in public schools by virtue of the 1st amendments establishment clause.
Engel v. Vitale
500
Struck down a law banning the burning of the American flag on the grounds that such action was symbolic speech protected by the 1st amendment.