Skin Structure & Function
This is the most superficial layer of the skin, composed of stratified squamous epithelium.
What is the epidermis?
This term refers to the shaft of a long bone.
What is the diaphysis?
This is the area of hyaline cartilage in a long bone that allows for growth in length.
What is the epiphyseal plate?
This vitamin is synthesized by the skin when exposed to UV light and is essential for calcium absorption.
What is Vitamin D?
This type of burn damages only the epidermis, causing redness and mild pain.
What is a first-degree burn?
This pigment is produced by melanocytes and protects the skin against UV radiation.
What is melanin?
These are the cells responsible for building new bone matrix.
What are osteoblasts?
This is the process of bone formation that begins with a hyaline cartilage model.
What is endochondral ossification?
This hormone is secreted by the parathyroid glands to raise blood calcium levels.
What is Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)?
This is the blue skin color caused by a decrease in blood oxygen.
What is cyanosis?
This layer of the skin is composed primarily of dense irregular connective tissue and houses glands and hair follicles.
What is the dermis?
This is the basic structural unit of compact bone, consisting of concentric rings of matrix.
What is an osteon (or Haversian system)?
This is the process of bone formation that occurs directly within connective tissue membranes, common in skull bones.
What is intramembranous ossification?
This hormone is released by the thyroid gland to lower blood calcium levels.
What is calcitonin?
This type of fracture occurs when the bone is broken into multiple fragments.
What is a comminuted fracture?
This is the process by which skin cells fill with protein and die as they move toward the surface, making the skin waterproof.
What is keratinization?
This is the connective tissue membrane that covers the outer surface of bones.
What is the periosteum?
This type of bone growth increases the diameter of the bone.
What is appositional growth?
This is the mineral component of bone matrix that provides hardness and strength.
What is hydroxyapatite?
This is the disease characterized by a loss of bone mass, resulting in porous and brittle bones.
What is osteoporosis?
This is the deepest layer of the epidermis, where high mitotic activity occurs to produce new skin cells.
What is the stratum basale?
These are the tiny channels in bone matrix that allow osteocytes to share nutrients and communicate.
What are canaliculi?
These are the large, multinucleated cells responsible for breaking down (resorbing) bone matrix.
What are osteoclasts?
This is the mechanism by which the skin regulates body temperature by changing the diameter of arterioles.
What is vasodilation and vasoconstriction?
This is the most dangerous form of skin cancer, originating from melanocytes.
What is melanoma?