Fluid & Electrolyte Dynamics
This fluid compartment contains approximately 2/3 of total body water in a healthy adult.
What is intracellular fluid (ICF)?
This mechanical process takes place in the mouth to break food down using teeth.
What is mastication?
This organ synthesizes bile, which is then stored and concentrated in the gallbladder.
What is the liver?
This is the microscopic, functional filtering unit of the kidney.
What is the nephron?
This anatomical structure transports urine directly from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder.
What is the ureter?
This is the primary cation found in extracellular fluid (ECF).
What is sodium (Na+)?
This structural tissue tilts upward during swallowing to close off the nasopharynx.
What is the soft palate (and uvula)?
This hormone is released by the small intestine in response to dietary fats to trigger gallbladder contraction.
What is cholecystokinin (CCK)?
Approximately this percentage of glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed back into the blood during tubular reabsorption.
What is 99%?
This medical term refers to the process of passing urine or voiding from the body.
What is micturition?
Placed into a hypertonic solution, a red blood cell will undergo this process.
What is crenation (shrinking)?
Inadequate closure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) commonly leads to this condition.
What is GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)?
These dead-end lymphatic capillaries inside the villi absorb digested fat-soluble nutrients.
What are lacteals?
This enzyme is released by the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) when renal blood pressure drops.
What is renin?
This smooth muscle forms the muscular wall of the bladder and contracts to empty urine.
What is the detrusor muscle?
This primary organ system acts rapidly to compensate for acid-base imbalances by adjusting carbon dioxide levels.
What is the respiratory system?
These gastric mucosal cells secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor.
What are parietal cells?
This metabolic term describes the breakdown of complex substances into simpler ones to release energy.
What is catabolism?
The kidneys produce this hormone to stimulate red blood cell production when tissue hypoxia is detected.
What is erythropoietin?
This smooth, triangular region on the floor of the urinary bladder is outlined by the openings of the ureters and urethra.
What is the trigone?
This hormone is released by the heart's atria in response to high blood volume to promote sodium and water excretion.
What is Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)?
This semi-liquid, pulpy mass of partially digested food moves from the stomach into the duodenum.
What is chyme?
These digestive enzymes produced by pancreatic acinar cells break down proteins in the small intestine.
What is trypsin?
Renal corpuscles (including Bowman's capsule and the glomerulus) are strictly located within this outer layer of the kidney.
What is the renal cortex?
This is considered the normal range for specific gravity in a routine urinalysis.
What is 1.010 to 1.025?