Foundations
Stated in the Federalist Papers that creating a large republic would prevent majority factions from taking away the rights of the minority.
What is Federalist No. 10?
belief that all individuals should have the same chance to succeed based on effort and ability
What is equality of opportunity?
Organizations that advocate for specific issues through lobbying, funding campaigns, and grassroots efforts
What are interest groups?
A permanent committee in the House or Senate that considers bills within a certain subject area.
What is a standing committee?
This group checks the Presidents formal powers to appoint Cabinet members, federal judges, and ambassadors
What is the Senate?
In this essay, Anti-Federalist (likely Robert Yates) argued that a strong central government would overpower states and individual liberties.
What is Brutus No. 1?
Americans born before 1945 who tend to be more conservative on social and economic issues compared to Millennials and Gen Z.
Who are the silent generation?
Allowed unlimited independent political spending by corporations and unions, leading to the rise of Super PACs
What is Citizens United v. FEC?
It allows Congress to pass laws beyond its enumerated powers, leading to implied powers.
What is the Necessary & Proper Clause?
a directive issued by the president that has the force of law but does not require congressional approval.
What is an executive order?
This court case established National supremacy and implied powers through the Necessary and Proper Clause.
What is McCulloch v. Maryland?
This political ideology wants minimal government in all areas
What is libertarianism?
voting that is based on evaluating past performance
What is retrospective voting?
This group has the authority to originate revenue bills because it is closer to the people and has always been directly elected.
What is the House of Representatives?
This document argues for a unitary executive to run the executive branch.
What is Federalist No. 70?
This amendment states that any powers not granted to the national government at the same time is not denied to the states.
What is the 10th Amendment (Reserved Powers)?
The process by which people develop their political beliefs
What is political socialization?
belief that one’s political participation matters; a higher amount of this leads to higher voter turnout.
What is political efficacy?
A current officeholder; advantages include name recognition, fundraising, and casework.
What is an incumbent?
The president’s ability to withhold information from Congress or the courts; it is limited when used to obstruct justice or criminal investigations.
What is executive privilege?
The Civil Rights Movement challenged racial segregation on the basis of this constitutional clause.
What is the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment?
This method is used by pollsters to make sure that they have a representative sample in their public opinion polls.
What is random sampling?
Occurs when individuals benefit from an interest group’s efforts without contributing, making it harder for the group to mobilize support and resources.
What is the free rider problem?
It sets the terms for debate and amendments on bills, giving House leadership significant control over the legislative process.
What is the House Rules Committee?
The ability of the president to shape public opinion and pressure Congress through media and speeches.
What is the bully pulpit?