Important Documents
Established the judicial branch of the government, Supreme Court, but give Congress the power to create inferior courts
Article III of the Constitution
Established “one-person, one-vote” principle and that the Court has the power to review state redistricting issues
Baker v. Carr (1961)
an indirect veto, where if the president neither signs or vetoes the bill within 10 days it will not be signed into law
Pocket Veto
The only way to end a filibuster is through a ---- vote, which required 60 votes and can force the Senator to end the filibuster.
cloture
15 department heads (secretaries and attorney general) that are appointed by the President and confirmed by Congress
Cabinet
Argued for a strong, singular executive, Able to be more decisive and secretive, Less damaging to democracy than a council, Easier to find a singular corrupt person
Federalist No. 70
Established judicial review by declaring a law passed by Congress as unconstitutional
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Name three Formal Powers of the president
1. Commander and Chief of Armed Forces. 2.Nominate officials, ambassadors, and federal judges (w/ Senate approval) 3. Make treaties 4. Grant pardons 5. Recommend legislation to Congress 6. State of the Union Address 7. President’s annual message to Congress 8. Veto legislation
redistricting that gives the majority political party an advantage in future elections
gerrymandering
The power of the bureaucracy to make decisions on how to implement broadly-worded laws passed by Congress. The bureaucracy can create rules and regulations that take these laws and turn them into actual policy.
Discretionary Authority
Established the formal powers, the executive branch and Stated the power of the federal government
Article II of the Constitution
The Judiciary Act of 1789 established three levels of the federal court system, what are they?
District Courts, Circuit Courts of Appeal, Supreme Court
Theodore Roosevelt proposed that the President can promote their agenda directly to the public using this
Bully Pulpit
This schedules and manages the flow of legislation for the House of Representatives
House Rules Committee
Broader networks with multiple interest groups, committees, and agencies, and can also include media, researchers, and other interested parties.
Issue networks
the courts are best able to maintain their independence when judges serve life terms pending good behavior.
Federalist No. 78
Ruled that redistricting on the basis of race violated the Voting Rights Act of 1965
Shaw v. Reno (1993)
An international agreement between the US and another nation's informal power of the President requires no Senate ratification
Executive Agreement
no compromise can be made on an issue
gridlock
The relationship between Congressional committees, bureaucratic agencies, and interest groups that results in policymakin
iron triangle
Followed Franklin D. Roosevelt’s four terms in office Establishes that a President is only able to serve two full terms
Twenty-Second Amendment of the Constitution
Judicial term meaning let 'Let the decision stand'
Stare Decisis
This acts limits the President’s power to deploy US armed forces
War Powers Act (1973)
the insertion of funding for local projects into bills
pork barrel legislation
oversees the performance of federal agencies, and administers the federal budget.
The Office of Management and Budget