People
Colonial governor who imposed harsh military rule over Jamestown after taking over in 1610.
Lord De La Warr
Representative parliamentary assembly created to govern Virginia, establishing a precedent for government in the English colonies.
House of Burgesses
Armed conflict between royalists and parliamentarians, resulting in the victory of pro-Parliament forces and the execution of Charles I.
English Civil War (1642-1649)
Wampanoag chief who led a brutal campaign against Puritan settlements in New England between 1675 and 1676
Metacom (King Philip) (ca. 1638-1676)
Dominant theological credo of the New England Puritans based on the teachings of John Calvin
Calvinism
English colonist whose marriage to Pocahontas in 1614 sealed the peace of the First Anglo-Powhatan War.
John Rolfe
Passed in Maryland, it guaranteed toleration to all Christians but decreed the death penalty for those, like Jews and atheists
Act of Toleration
Began with an Indian attack on Newbern, North Carolina. After the Tuscaroras were defeated, remaining Indian survivors migrated northward, eventually joining the Iroquois Confederacy as its sixth nation.
Tuscarora War (1711-1713)
Wampanoag chieftain who signed a peace treaty with Plymouth Bay settlers in 1621 and helped them celebrate the first Thanksgiving.
Massasoit (ca. 1590-1661)
Calvinist doctrine that God has foreordained some people to be saved and some to be damned.
predestination
Frontier farmers who illegally occupied land owned by others or not yet officially opened for settlement.
squatters
First formal statute governing the treatment of slaves, which provided for harsh punishments against offending slaves but lacked penalties for the mistreatment of slaves by masters.
Barbados Slave Code of 1661
Series of clashes between English settlers and Pequot Indians in the Connecticut River valley.
Pequot War (1636-1638)
Much-loathed administrator of the Dominion of New England, which was created in 1686 to strengthen imperial control over the New England colonies
Sir Edmond Andros (1637-1714)
Intense religious experience that confirmed an individual's place among the "elect," or the "visible saints.
conversion
Established Maryland as a haven for Catholics; unsuccessfully tried to reconstitute the English manorial system in the colonies
Lord Baltimore (1605-1675)
In politics, a territory between two antagonistic powers, intended to minimize the possibility of conflict between them.
buffer
Series of assaults by Metacom, King Philip, on English settlements in New England.
King Philip's War (Metacom's War) 1675-1676
Dutch-born monarch and his English-born wife, daughter of King James II, installed to the British throne during the Glorious Revolution of 1689.
William III and Mary II
English Protestant reformers who sought to purify the Church of England of Catholic rituals and creeds
Puritans
Puritan general who helped lead parliamentary forces during the English Civil War, and ruled England as Lord Protector from 1653 until his death in 1658.
Oliver Cromwell
Agreement to form a majoritarian government in Plymouth, signed aboard the Mayflower.
Mayflower Compact (1620)
Relatively peaceful overthrow of the unpopular Catholic monarch, James II, replacing him with Dutch-born William III and Mary, daughter of James II.
Glorious Revolution (1688)
Assumed the throne with the restoration of the monarchy in 1660. He sought to establish firm control over the colonies
Charles II (1630-1685; r. 1660-1685)
Small group of Puritans who sought to break away entirely from the Church of England
Separatists