Period 1
This European country, led by Christopher Columbus, sponsored the first transatlantic voyage in 1492, which ultimately led to European exploration of the Americas.
What is Spain?
This was the primary crop cultivated in the southern colonies, particularly in Virginia and South Carolina, which led to the expansion of slavery.
What is tobacco?
This was the first significant military conflict between the British and the French in North America, eventually leading to the larger French and Indian War.
What is the Seven Years’ War?
This election in 1800 marked the first peaceful transfer of power between political parties in the United States. Thomas Jefferson defeated this Federalist incumbent president.
Who is John Adams?
This 1844 event marked the beginning of the U.S. expansion into the Pacific, with President James K. Polk campaigning for the annexation of this territory.
What is the annexation of Texas?
This 1876 event, which involved a significant Native American victory over U.S. forces, saw General George Custer and his men defeated at the Battle of the Little Bighorn.
What is the Battle of Little Bighorn?
This international organization, established after World War I, aimed to prevent future global conflicts but was ultimately ineffective due to the absence of the U.S. and the rise of totalitarian regimes.
What is the League of Nations?
This term refers to the exchange of goods, ideas, diseases, and populations between the Americas, Europe, and Africa following Columbus's voyages, which had profound impacts on all involved regions.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
This group of settlers, known for their strict religious beliefs and desire to "purify" the Church of England, founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630.
Who are the Puritans?
This 1765 act, passed by the British government, placed taxes on printed goods in the American colonies, leading to widespread protest.
What is the Stamp Act?
This purchase, made by Thomas Jefferson in 1803, doubled the size of the United States and expanded its territory westward.
What is the Louisiana Purchase?
This 1850 act was part of the Compromise of 1850 and required citizens to help catch runaway slaves, even in free states, and penalized those who aided escapees.
What is the Fugitive Slave Act?
This 1896 Supreme Court decision legalized racial segregation under the doctrine of "separate but equal," which remained in effect for decades.
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
This 1933 act, signed into law during the Great Depression, aimed to provide economic relief to the elderly, unemployed, and disadvantaged.
What is the Social Security Act?
This was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas, founded in 1607.
What is Jamestown?
This rebellion in 1676, led by Nathaniel Bacon, was sparked by tensions between settlers and the colonial government over Native American land and other issues in Virginia.
What is Bacon's Rebellion?
This early conflict in 1775, known as the "shot heard 'round the world," marked the beginning of the Revolutionary War.
What are the Battles of Lexington and Concord?
This Supreme Court case (1803) established the principle of judicial review, empowering the courts to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional.
What is Marbury v. Madison?
This 1848 treaty, which ended the Mexican-American War, resulted in the U.S. gaining vast territories in the Southwest, including California, Arizona, and New Mexico.
What is the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
This 1882 law banned immigration from a specific country for a period of ten years, becoming the first significant piece of federal immigration legislation targeting a specific ethnic group.
What is the Chinese Exclusion Act?
This 1919 event, which saw labor strikes and racial tensions across the country, marked the end of post-World War I optimism and the beginning of the Red Scare.
What is the Red Summer?
This system, established by the Spanish in their colonies, led to the forced migration of Africans to the Americas, contributing to the development of the Atlantic slave trade.
What is the Atlantic Slave Trade?
This religious movement, beginning in the early 18th century, emphasized a personal connection with God and a return to piety, leading to increased religious diversity in the American colonies.
What is the First Great Awakening?
This 1783 treaty officially ended the American Revolution and recognized American independence.
What is the Treaty of Paris (1783)?
This ideology, championed by President James K. Polk, justified the expansion of U.S. territory from the Atlantic to the Pacific and fueled the annexation of Texas, the Oregon Territory, and the acquisition of land after the Mexican-American War.
What is Manifest Destiny?
This political party, formed in the 1850s, opposed the expansion of slavery into new territories and sought to preserve the Union.
What is the Republican Party?
This type of business structure, which rose to dominance during the Gilded Age, involved a company controlling all phases of production, from raw materials to finished products.
What is vertical integration?
This event led to the beginning of World War II in Europe.
What is the Invasion of Poland?
This European explorer is credited with being the first to reach the Gulf of St. Lawrence and claimed parts of Canada for France in the early 16th century.
Who is Jacques Cartier?
This event in 1692 led to the execution of 20 people and the imprisonment of many others, highlighting tensions over religious and social issues in colonial New England.
What is the Salem Witch Trials?
This group of political thinkers, including Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, opposed the ratification of the U.S. Constitution, fearing it gave too much power to the federal government.
Who are the Anti-Federalists?
This 1814 treaty ended the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain, with no territorial changes but reaffirming American sovereignty.
What is the Treaty of Ghent?
This 1864 battle, fought in Georgia, was part of General Sherman’s “March to the Sea,” during which Union forces destroyed Southern resources and infrastructure.
What is the Battle of Atlanta?
This term refers to the social and political ideology that justified the concentration of wealth and power in the hands of a few industrialists, often at the expense of the working class.
What is Social Darwinism?
This 1941 law allowed the United States to send military aid to Allied countries without officially entering the war, marking a significant step toward involvement in World War II.
What is the Lend-Lease Act?
BONUS RANDOM: This indigenous confederacy, located in the northeastern part of North America, was known for its political and military alliances and played a central role in early European colonization.
What is the Iroquois Confederacy?
BONUS RANDOM: This 1890 massacre of Sioux Native Americans by U.S. troops in South Dakota marked the end of major Native American resistance on the Great Plains.
What is the Wounded Knee Massacre?
This 1947 U.S. policy aimed to contain the spread of communism by providing economic and military aid to countries resisting Soviet influence.
What is the Truman Doctrine?
In October 1962, the U.S. and Soviet Union came close to nuclear war during this 13-day standoff.
What is the Cuban Missile Crisis?
This civil rights leader advocated for Black Power and was a prominent figure in the Nation of Islam before his assassination in 1965.
Who is Malcolm X?
This 1781 battle effectively ended the Revolutionary War when British General Cornwallis surrendered to George Washington.
What is the Battle of Yorktown?
This Scottish-American industrialist dominated the steel industry in the late 19th century and promoted the "Gospel of Wealth."
Who is Andrew Carnegie?