Speech Breathing
This muscle will flatten when contracted which in turn causes vertical expansion of the thoracic cavity.
What is the diaphragm?
How many phases of swallowing are there? Name them in order.
Oral prep, Oral Transit, Pharyngeal, Esophageal
The structures that shape the phonation we create into speech sounds
What are articulators?
Gases that are being exchanged during respiration.
What is Oxygen (O2) and Carbon Dioxide (Co2)?
What is the primary biological function of the larynx?
Airway protection.
When lung volume increases.
What is lung pressure decreasing?
Explain oral prep and oral transit.
Oral prep is the process of preparing and containing a bolus. Oral transit is the motion or the tongue propelling the bolus backward into the pharynx.
Hard, bumpy, behind the teeth
What is alveolar ridge?
This structure is lined with C-shaped cartilage rings to prevent collapse and is known as the “windpipe.”
What is the trachea?
Name two biological functions of the larynx besides speech.
Protection, expelling material, thoracic fixation, bowel/bladder evacuation, childbirth.
Air will move in and out of the lungs to equalize this physical property?
What is pressure?
Explain the purpose of the Pharyngeal and Esophageal phases.
The pharyngeal phase transports the bolus and provides airway protection. The esophageal phase includes the creation of a peristalsis wave that carries the bolus to the stomach.
Highly versatile; shaped by intrinsic muscles and moved by extrinsic muscles
What is the tongue?
The structure that serves as both a protective valve for the airway and the sound source for speech.
What is the larynx?
What is the non-biological function of the larynx?
Speech and sound production.
In typical, quiet breathing, inspiration is active but expiration is...?
What is passive?
Describe in detail how the bolus is formed in Oral prep.
The bolus is masticated in a rotary motion and the tongue pushes all the material to the center. During this process, saliva lubricates the material and helps bind it into a smooth, cohesive bolus that is easier to control. The base of tongue approximates the lowered velum so material does not spill backward too early while the airway is still open.
Closes of the nasal cavity for oral sounds or leaves the nasal cavity open for nasal sounds (m,n).
What is the velum?
This structure must abduct (open) for breathing and adduct (close) for phonation.
What are the vocal folds?
How does the larynx act as a resistor to airflow?
By controlling vocal fold adduction and abduction to regulate airflow.
Does speech happen on inhalation or exhalation? Why?
Speech occurs on expiration because outgoing airflow powers phonation
What is the common landmark to the "swallow trigger" that also is the division point between the oral cavity and pharynx.
anterior faucial arch
Sounds formed by unrestricted sound coming through the vocal tract.
What are vowels?
The structures (in order) of the upper, mid, and lower respiratory tract.
What is nasal cavity -> oral cavity-> pharyngeal cavity-> larynx-> trachea-> bronchi-> lungs.
Why is thoracic fixation important clinically?
It stabilizes the chest for activities like lifting, coughing, or bowel movements.