1200-1450
Poll tax that non-Muslims had to pay when living within a Muslim empire
What is a jizya?
a peaceful overthrow of King James II of England by his daughter, Mary II, and her husband, William III of Orange. It marked the end of absolute monarchy in England, leading to the establishment of constitutional monarchy with the signing of the Bill of Rights in 1689
What is the Glorious Revolution?
A strong feeling of pride and a devotion to ones country
What is nationalism?
Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire
What is Central Powers?
A policy that allows goods and services to be traded across borders without tariffs or other restrictions, promoting globalization.
What is free trade?
a set of rigid social categories that determined not only a person's occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in society
What is the Caste System?
A meeting of Roman Catholic leaders, called by Pope Paul III to rule on doctrines criticized by the Protestant reformers.
What is the Council of Trent?
economic philosophy advocating for minimal government interference in business and market activities.
What is Laissez-faire
A movement to create a Jewish homeland in Palestine
The cultivation of a single crop or product, often driven by colonial powers, and seen in global trade networks, especially in the Americas.
What is Monoculture
A social organization system in which individuals are grouped by age and share responsibilities.
What are age grades?
Representative institutions, shared power and authority, wealthy merchants prominent, maritime trade favored, England, Netherlands.
What is a constitutional state?
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising in India in 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown.
What is the Sepoy Rebellion?
foreign policy under Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1930s that promoted non-intervention and stronger diplomatic relations with Latin America. It aimed to improve the U.S.’s image by ending military occupations and encouraging economic and political cooperation.
What is the Good Neighbor Policy?
a peaceful uprising in Czechoslovakia that led to the end of communist rule in the country
What is the Velvet Revolution?
established the Timurid Empire and sought to restore the Mongol Empire’s power. He led brutal military campaigns across Persia, India, and the Middle East, causing widespread destruction while also patronizing art, architecture, and scholarship.
Who is Tamerlane?
a Spanish labor system established in the Americas during the 16th century, where the Spanish Crown granted land and Indigenous laborers to Spanish settlers
What is encomienda system?
A theory applying the concept of natural selection to human societies, often used to justify imperialism, racism, and colonial domination during the 19th century.
What is Social Darwinism?
A policy initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev that involved restructuring of the social and economic status quo in communist Russia towards a market based economy and society
What is Perestroika?
Polish trade union created in 1980 to protest working conditions and political repression. It began the nationalist opposition to communist rule that led in 1989 to the fall of communism in eastern Europe.
What is Solidarity?
A Chinese admiral and explorer during the Ming Dynasty who led massive maritime expeditions in the early 15th century, promoting Chinese diplomacy and trade across the Indian Ocean.
What is Zheng He?
an economic theory and practice prevalent in Europe during the early modern period, which emphasized state control over trade and the accumulation of wealth through a favorable balance of trade
What is mercantilism?
A U.S. foreign policy (1823) declaring that European interference in the Americas would be seen as an act of aggression, reflecting growing American influence in global geopolitics.
What is the Monroe Doctrine?
systematic mass killing and forced deportation of a specific ethnic group by the Ottoman Empire from 1915 to 1917 during World War I. The Ottoman government, led by the Young Turks, targeted this population, accusing them of disloyalty, due to their Christianity.
Armenian Genocide
an agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) dealing with greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, adaptation, and finance starting in the year 2020.
What is the Paris Agreement