Unit 1
What is the movement beginning in the 12th century that taught the importance of emotion in their spiritual life and emphasized studying text or performing rituals that focused on developing a strong attachment to a particular deity that started in southern India?
The Bhakti Movement
Who was the Mongol leader born in 1162 and spent the early decades of his life creating a series of tribal alliances and defeating neighboring groups one by one?
Genghis Khan.
What are large, multiethnic states in Southwest, Central, and South Asa that relied on firearms to conquer and control territories?
Gunpowder Empires
Who is the explorer credited with discovering the New World?
Christopher Columbus
What is the shift that happened as empires and trade routes expanded and led to more interactions and began to emphasize reason over tradition and individualism over community values?
Enlightenment
What is the place where scholars of the Abbasid Empire traveled from far away to Baghdad to study to help transfer knowledge throughout Afro-Eurasia?
House of Wisdom
Which system of credit did the Chinese government develop that allowed merchants to deposit paper money under his name in one location and withdraw the same amount at another location?
Flying Cash
What is the scientific method that Francis Bacon developed that insisted upon the collection of data to challenge traditional ideas that had been accepted for centuries and to replace them with new ideas presented with convincing evidence?
Empiricism
Who is the explorer sent by the English king in 1497 to America to look for a northwest passage and ended up claiming lands from Newfoundland south to the Chesapeake Bay?
John Cabot
Who are the new group of thinkers and writers that explored social, political, and economic theories in new ways?
Philosophes
What group of hunter-gatherers who migrated to central Mexico from the north in the 1200's and founded their capital of Tenochtitlan (modern day Mexico City)?
The Aztecs
What is the period of Eurasian history between the 13th and 14th centuries that is also referred to as Mongolian peace?
Pax Mongolica
What was the conflict between Lutherans and the Holy Roman Empire that became the choice for each German state to choose whether its leader would be Catholic or Lutheran?
Peace of Augsburg
What is the interaction that developed new ways of life of culture between the Americas, Europe, and Africa by sharing new diseases, foods, and animals?
The Columbian Exchange
Who was the influential thinker of the Enlightenment period that responded to mercantilism by calling for freer trade and supporting some government regulations and advocating for laissez-faire (an approach where the government reduces their intervention in economic decisions)?
Adam Smith
What is the name of the massive, defensive wall of stone that surrounded the capital city that was used to protect a big city in Africa?
Great Zimbabwe
What knowledge of a specific weather pattern was essential for trading in the Indian Ocean as it originated from the northeast but in the spring and summer they blew from the southwest and caused merchants to time their trips to avoid this pattern?
Monsoon Winds
What was the final great religious conflict between Catholics and Protestants in Europe and led to economic catastrophe for most of the continent?
Thirty Years' War
What is the theory in the 17th century known as measuring the wealth of a country depending on the amount of gold and silver the country had accumulated and set polices designed to sell as many goods as the could to maximize the amount of gold and silver coming into the country?
Mercantilism
Who was one of the important writers of the new constitutions in France that praised the British government's use of checks on power because it had a Parliament and influenced the American system which adopted his ideas by separating its branches?
Montesquieu
Explain ONE example of Islamic influence in South and Southeast Asia during the period c. 1200-c. 1450.
One example of Islamic influence in South and Southeast Asia was the use of merchants to spread the religion. Islam began to move into the Indian Ocean because of the trade presented by the generation of merchants who started to convert in the 700's. The shores began to become centers full of the religion and surrounding areas, kingdoms, and countries began to fall under the influence as they were neighbors and sold and bought trade at the same areas and saw the new culture on the shores. Islam began at urban cities and areas, and as it became more popular among other nearby places it began to spread to less populated places including Sumatra, Java, and the Maya Peninsula. Islamic merchants were able to sell products, but most importantly were able to populate their religion and caused a big influence in South and Southeast Asia.
Describe ONE example of a pattern of Mongolian expansion in the period c. 1200-c. 1450.
One example of a pattern of Mongolian expansion is the empire's use of weapons to conquer new territory and people. The Mongols were composed of skilled warriors that began to incorporate military weapons into expanding their empire. For example, the empire conquered parts of China and Persia and captured engineers to build them weapons so they could conquer more territory. The siege weapons were produced forcefully from the engineers and began the start of the huge collection the Mongols used to expand. This proves not only were the Mongols skilled athletically, but were also able to use their intelligence to create weapons that benefited them and proved their ability to be warriors, which became a pattern for Mongolian expansion.
Describe ONE way in which the Protestant Reformation and the Scientific Revolution were similar in the period 1450-1750.
One way in which the Protestant Reformation and the Scientific Revolution were similar because they both created new discoveries and ideas of human nature and religion that created division. The Protestant Reformation and the Scientific Revolution questioned the teachings and accuracy of the Catholic Church. The Reformation was formed by Calvinists questioning teachings of the church while the Scientific Revolution wanted answers about whether science or religion was more accurate. They both caused outrage within the church and citizens of the church's prominent countries. Scientists and questioners including Francis Bacon and John Calvin became targeted because of their ideas. The Reformation and Rebellion created new and different ideas about the church and created conflict.
Describe ONE political or economic difference between the Spanish and French settlement in the Americas in the period c. 1250-c.1750.
One political difference between the Spanish and French settlement is the French had better relations with Native Americans than the Spanish. The French never settled for permanent land while the Spanish did. The French was able to trade with Native Americans. This relationship created a strong bond which gave the French power to manipulate and trick Native Americans into forcing them to convert to Christianity by setting up schools. The Spanish were more honest but didn't have the sills the French had to horribly force Native Americans to convert and adapt to their culture. The Spanish found more resources like gold but the French created a strong relationship.
Describe ONE way in which Enlightenment thinkers in Britain and America were similar in the period 1750-1900.
One way Enlightenment thinkers in Britain and America were similar were they helped influence each other's government systems. For example the important writer Montesquieu influenced the American government system after Britain's use of checks on Parliament. This caused the American system to separate its three branches. All of the philosophes similar to Montesquieu were able to influence different countries socially and politically by influencing and adding different qualities of religion politics and human nature to each philosophe's respective country. The thinkers all had experience from their countries and were able to establish communities and governments that really benefited life in America and Britain. All of the Enlightenment thinkers wanted change and progress to be made to help citizens of the countries the thinkers influenced and were able to progress greatly through a influenced government style.