Wealthy landed elite that emerged in early decades of Abbasid rule.
What is ayan?
100
Latin American politicians who wished to create strong, centralized national governments with broad powers; often supported by politicians who described themselves as conservative.
What are centralists?
100
This was built across Isthmus of Suez to connect Mediterranean Sea with Red Sea in 1869; financed by European investors; with increasing indebtedness to khedives, permitted intervention of British into Egyptian politics to protect their investment.
What is the Suez Canal?
100
The US recognized Latin American sovereignty through this declaration stated in 1823; established that any attempt of a European county to colonize in the Americas would be considered an unfriendly act by the US; supported by Great Britain as a means of opening Latin American trade.
What is the Monroe Doctrine?
100
An aspect of American intervention in Latin America; resulted from US support for a PAnamanian independence movement in return for a grant to exclusive rights to a canal across the Panama isthmus; provided short route between Atlantic and Pacific oceans; completed 1914.
What is the Panama Canal?
200
This person led a slave rebellion on the French sugar island of St. Domingue in 1791 that led to creation of independent republic of Haiti in 1804.
Who is Toussaint L'Overture?
200
Belief that the United States government was destined to rule the continent coast to coast; led to Mexican-American War.
What is manifest destiny?
200
Last emperor of China; deposed as emperor while still a small boy in 1912.
Who is Puyi?
200
These people were exemplified in terms of the historical images that were big in terms of the culture of Latin America.
What is the American Indian?
200
Advisors of the government of Porfirio Diaz who were strongly influenced by positivist ideas; permitted Mexican government to project image of modernization through growth in industry.
What are cientificos?
300
Ultraconservative dowager empress who dominated the last decades of the Qing dynasty; supported Boxer Rebellion in 1898 as a means of driving out Westerners.
Who is Cixi?
300
Independent leaders who dominated local areas by force in defiance of national policies; sometimes seized national governments to impose their concept of rule; typical throughout newly independent countries in Latin America.
What are caudillos?
300
This was the first emperor of Brazil after helping it declare its independence from Portugal in 1822.
Who is Pedro I?
300
Series of reforms in Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876; established Western style university, state postal system, railways, extensive legal reforms; resulted in creation of new constitution in 1876.
What are the Tanzimat reforms?
300
This treaty gave California and Texas to the US and left a legacy of distrust of the US in Latin America
What is the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo?
400
Descendants of Muhammad Ali in Egypt after 1867; formal rulers of Egypt despite French and English intervention until overthrown by coup in 1952.
What are khedives?
400
Organization of political agitators in opposition to rule of Abdul Hamid, also called Young Turks: desired to restore 1876 constitution
What is the Ottoman Society for Union and Progress?
400
Broke out in south China in the 1850s and early 1860s led by Hong Xiuquan, a semi-Christianized prophet; sought to overthrow Qing dynasty and Confucian basis of scholar-gentry.
What is the Taiping Rebellion?
400
In Sufi belief system, a promised deliverer; also name given to Muhammad Achmad, leader of late 19th century revolt against Egyptians and Brits in Sudan.
What is Mahdi?
400
Bird droppings utilized as fertilizer; exported from Peru as a major item of trade between 1850 and 1880; income from trade permitted end to American Indian tribute and abolition of slavery.
What is guano?
500
Wealthy new group of Chinese merchants under Qing dynasty; specialized in the import-export trade on China's south coast; one of the major links between China and the outside world.
What are compradors?
500
Won power struggle in Egypt following fall of Mamluks; established mastery of all Egypt by 1811; introduced effective army based on Western tactics and supply and a variety of other reforms; by 1830s was able to challenge Ottoman government in Constantinople; died in 1848
Who is Muhammad Ali?
500
Confucian scholar and Manchu emperor of Qing dynasty from 1661-1722; established high degree of Sinification among Manchus.
Who is Kangxi?
500
Muslim thinker at the end of the 19th century; stressed need for adoption of Western scientific learning and technology, recognized importance of tradition of rational inquiry.
Who is Jamal al-Din al-Afghani?
500
Coffee estates that spread within the interior of Brazil between 1840 and 1860; created major export commodity for Brazilian trade; led to intensification of slavery in Brazil