Vocabulary
Named after the ancient Greek city Byzantium, on the site of which the Roman emperor Constantine founded a new capitol, Constantinople, in 330 CE.
Byzantine Empire
Consecrated in 1094, this ornate cathedral, although located in Venice, Italy, is a classic example of Byzantine architecture.
St. Mark’s Basilica
What is the name of the laws Christians follow?
The Ten Commandments
The _____ also involved attacks on Jewish communities, probably the first organized mass pogroms against Jews in Europe’s history.
Crusades
Term invented in the 12th century to describe the Germany-based empire founded by Otto I in 962 CE.
Holy Roman Empire
The ___________ is a large limestone block inscribed with a text detailing the early history of Christianity in China.
Nestorian Stele
What was the empire Byzantium and Russia struggled over?
Persia
This country spans 2 continents
Egypt
Rule of the Carolingian Empire (r. 768-814) who staged an imperial revival in Western Europe.
Charlemagne
The thirteenth-century portrayal of God as a divine engineer, laying out the world with a huge compass.
European Technology
_______ reflected the region’s cultural diversity, with the gods and practices of many peoples much in evidence.
Religion
By the eleventh century, the national monarchies that would organize European political life and these countries _____, _____, _____, ______ , and ______ had begun to take shape.
France
Spain
England
Poland
Germany
The split of Western and Eastern branches of Christianity in 1054.
Schism
Destruction of holy images; a term most often used to describe the Byzantine state policy of image destruction from 726 to 843.
Iconoclasm
The growth of which religion submerged earlier centers of Christianity?
Islam
Western Europe’s crusading tradition was directed against Muslims in the ______, ______, and ______ as well as the Eastern Orthodox Christians of the Byzantine Empire.
Middle East
Sicily
Spain
Modern term meaning "ventures of the cross," used to describe the "holy wars" waged by Western Christendom from 1095 until the end of the Middle Ages and beyond.
Crusades
This fourteenth-century painting illustrates the Christian seizure of Jerusalem during the __________ in 1099.
The Crusades
Economic growth and urbanization offered which group new opportunities in the New Roman Empire?
Women
__________ Empire brought a temporary political unity to parts of Western Europe, but it was subsequently divided among his three sons, who waged war on one another.
Charlemagne’s Carolingian Empire