Who is Polish monk and astronomer, disproved Hellenistic belief that the sun was the center of the universe.
100
Humanism
What is a focus on humanity as the center of intellectual and artistic endeavor.
100
Renaissance
What is cultural and political elite movement beginning in Italy circa 1400; rested on urban vitality and expanding commerce; produced literature and art with distinctly more secular priorities than those of the European Middle Ages.
100
Francesco Petrarch
Who is Italian author and humanist; a major literary figure of the Renaissance.
100
Francis I
Who is King of France; A Renaissance monarch; patron of the arts; imposed new controls on the Catholic church; ally of Ottoman sultan against the Holy Roman emperor.
200
Johannes Kepler
Who is scientist that resolved basic issues of planetary motion and accomplished important work in optics.
200
Ren???e Descartes
Who is philosopher who established the importance of the skeptical review of all received wisdom; argued that human wisdom could develop laws that would explain the fundamental workings of nature.
200
Ethnocentrism
What is judging foreigners by the standard of one's own group; leads to problems in interpreting world history.
200
Niccolo Machinvelli
Who is author of The Prince; emphasized realistic discussions of how to seize and maintain power.
200
Henry the Navigator
Who is Portuguese prince; sponsored Atlantic voyages; reflected the forces present in late postclassical Europe.
300
Galileo
Who is scientist that publicized Copernicus's findings; added own discoveries concerning the laws of gravity and planetary motion; condemned by the Catholic church for his work.
300
Deism
What is concept of god during the scientific revolution; the role of divinity was limited to setting natural laws in motion.
300
Protestantism
What is general wave of religious dissent against the Catholic church; formally began with Martin Luther in 1517.
300
Johannes Gutenburg
Who is person that introduced movable type to western Europe in the 15th century; greatly expanded the availability of printed materials.
300
Louis XIV
Who is French king who personified absolute monarchy.
400
John Harvey
Who is English physician who demonstrated the circular movement of blood in animals and the function of the heart as a pump.
400
John Locke
Who is English philosopher who argued that people could learn everything through their senses and reason; argued that the power of the government came from the people, not the divine right of kings; they had the power to overthrow tyrants.
400
Catholic Reformation
What is Catholic response to the Protestant Reformation; reformed and revived Catholic doctrine.
400
Lorenzo the Magnificent
Who is the main patron of Michelangelo, along with many other Renaissance figures; ruler of Florence during the Renaissance.
400
Glorious Revolution
What is English political settlement of 1688 and 1689 which affirmed that parliament had basic sovereignty over the king.
500
Isaac Newton
Who is English scientist; author of Principia; drew the various astronomical and physical observations and wider theories together in a neat framework of natural laws; established the principles of motion and defined forces of gravity.
500
Adam Smith
Who is philosopher that established new school of economic thought; argued that governments should avoid regulation of economies in favor of the free play of market forces.
500
Proletariat
What is class of people without access to producing property; usually manufacturing workers, paid laborers in architecture, or urban poor; product of the economic changes of the 16th and 17th centuries.
500
Savonarola
Who followed Lorenzo the Magnificent and created the Bonfire of the Vanities.
500
Frederick the Great
Who is Prussian king who introduced Enlightenment reforms; included freedom of religion and increased state control of economy.