Innovations
Archaeological evidence points to metal first being used in Southeast Asia _________________.
a. before anywhere else
b. only in the modern era
c. at the same time as in Greece, Rome, Egypt, the Middle East, and India
d. in the last half of the first millennium BC
e. only after the French and British colonial powers brought the technology into the region
What is d. in the last half of the first millennium BC
Metal was first used in Southeast Asia in the last half of the first millennium BC; later than many other places, most likely, because the geography inhibits trade, merchants, new techniques, and ideas penetrating the dense jungles of the area.
Greece, Rome, the Middle East, Egypt, and India all used metal before Southeast Asian civilizations, probably because although all disparate and thousands of miles away, they are on the same trade routes, whereas Southeast Asia was insulated by dense jungles.
Southeast Asia developed metallurgy after some other civilizations, but thousands of years before the modern era, and the invasion of British and French colonial powers.
This philosophy encouraged people to think for themselves and to challenge traditional authority and conventions. This led to a questioning of traditional social institutions, such as patriarchy, slavery, and monarchy, and to the development of new ideas about equality and justice.
a. Nationalism
b. Democracy
c. Enlightenment
d. Communism
What is a. Enlightenment
The Enlightenment changes often produced tension and conflict in society, as people who benefited from the traditional order resisted efforts to change it. In some cases, these tensions led to bloody revolutions and other forms of social and political upheaval, especially as Enlightenment ideas spread from France and Britain.
What female character portrayed the spirit of many female Americans during World War II as women began filling traditionally men's work positions while the men were away to battle?
a. Rebecca St. James
b. Molly Pitcher
c. Rosie the Riveter
d. Joanne of Arc
What is c. Rosie the Riveter
Rosie the Riveter symbolized the American female spirit as many women began working at traditionally male-run jobs such as work in the factories.
By 1914 how many nations in Africa remained independent?
a. Three
b. None
c. Two
d. Five
What is c. Two
Explanation: By 1914 only Ethiopia and Liberia remained independent from European rule. This was due to the military prowess of the Ethiopians, and the American protection afforded to Liberia. The rest of the continent had been taken over by the Europeans by 1914.
Which type of government combines religion with politics and law?
a. Representative democracy
b. Totalitarian
c. Theocracy
d. Oligarchy
e. Parliamentary monarchy
What is c. Theocracy.
A theocracy is a government that is guided by religion, where the highest ranking officials are considered to be connected to the deity they worship. The civil law is based on religious code. The reverse concept of this is the separation of church and state.
Which of the following cultures were the first to make and utilize gunpowder?
a. The British Empire
b. The Roman Empire
c. The Mayan Empire
d. The Roman Republic
e. The Tang Dynasty of China
What is e. The Tang Dynasty of China
The earliest accounts of gunpowder and its use comes from accounts of Tang Dynasty China, so that would be the best choice. Europe eventually gained knowledge of gunpowder when it was brought by trade and the Mongol conquests, so the British Empire would be poor choices. Gunpowder was brought to the Americas by Europeans, so the Mayans would not be a good choice. Lastly, the Roman Empire was no longer extant by the time gunpowder was first developed, so they too would be a poor choice.
The rise of all of the following contributed to the outbreak of World War One except ___________.
a. Nationalism
b. Communism
c. Industrialization
d. Militarism
e. Imperialism
What is b. Communism.
All of the following contributed to the outbreak of World War One except communism. Communism, although influential in European society in the early years of the twentieth century, did not take root in any country until Russia became the first communist country with the Russian Revolution of 1917. Competing nationalist and imperialist goals, however, were massive contributing factors to the outbreak of World War One. As were the forces of rapid militarization and industrialization that were so prevalent in Europe at the time.
All of these countries sponsored the Afghan Mujahideen during the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan except __________.
a. Iran
b. None of these; all these countries sponsored the Mujahideen
c. the United States
d. China
e. Pakistan
What is b. None of these; all these countries sponsored the Mujahideen
Explanation: The Mujahideen were Afghan resistance fighters who organized the Afghan defense forces during the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan. Many countries provided aid to the Mujahideen including Pakistan, the United States, and China. Much of the support and weaponry given to the Mujahideen during the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan has since been used on the army of the United States of America during the American occupation of Afghanistan.
6. Who led the resistance against French colonizers in West Africa, inspiring further resistance movements?
a. Samory Toure
b. Muhamm ad Ahdam
c. Kwame Nkrumah
d.
Tupac Amaru II
What is a. Samori Touré.
He was a warrior king, empire builder and hero of the resistance against the French colonization of West Africa during the 19th century, he was born around 1830 in the Milo River Valley in present-day Guinea. Touré became a well-known leader, training and commanding a growing and disciplined army. He expanded his conquests, building a united empire called Mandinka.
Religious Reform and Syncretism in Asia: Which group would most likely argue that adapting and incorporating elements from various religious traditions was essential for the successful spread and longevity of religious ideas across regions?
a. Medieval European monks solely dedicated to manuscript preservation
b. Hindu orthodox priests resistant to foreign influences
c. Buddhist missionaries who spread into China, Japan, and Southeast Asia
d. Jewish scholars focused on maintaining ancient rituals
What is c. Buddhist missionaries who spread into China, Japan, and Southeast Asia
Which of these innovations did not come to Europe from China?
a. Block Printing
b. Paper-making
c. Opium
d. Gunpowder
e. The Compass
Explanation:
What is c. Opium
Contrary to popular belief Opium was brought to China by European and Middle Eastern merchants during the Tang. It did not become popular as a recreational drug until the Ming era. Gunpowder, paper-making, block printing, and the compass were all introduced to European society following interaction with Chinese merchants.
The Treaty of Maastricht __________.
a. established the European Union
b. established the European Economic Community
c. annulled the Warsaw Pact
d. created the Warsaw Pact
e. created the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
What is a. established the European Union
The Treaty of Maastricht established the European Union in 1993. The formation of the European Union was the culmination of a decades long process to more closely integrate the economies and politics of European nations to prevent further outbreaks of war.
This country was trying to unify its country throughout the 1980's during the cold war.
What is Germany, the country was unified in 1989.
Which of the following correctly outlines historical large-scale global migration patterns during the late 18th through early 20th centuries?
a. Migration of Chinese to Europe
b. Migration of Native Americans to Europe
c. Migration of Indians to Persia and the Middle East
d. Migration of Europeans to the Western Hemisphere and Oceania.
e. Migration of Japanese to Southeast Asia
What is d. Migration of Europeans to the Western Hemisphere and Oceania.
During the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, tens of millions of Europeans migrated from Europe to colonies (and later countries) such as the United States, Brazil, Canada, Australia, and Argentina. The peak of this migration occurred during the mid 19th to early 20th centuries.
Which of these best describes syncretism?
a. None of these answers accurately describes syncretism
b. The idea that religion is primarily spread by military conquest
c. The process by which a language emerges to act as de facto lingua franca for a diverse group of people
d. The spread of ideas along trading routes
e. The blending of elements from more than one religion
What is e. The blending of elements from more than one religion.
Syncretism is the name given to the blending of elements from more than one religion into a distinct system of worship. Examples include the blending of Confucianism, Taoism, and Legalism in China during and after the Warring States period. Syncretism often created distinct religions (like the Cult of Saints in Latin America), by mixing longstanding and native elements of paganism with the tenets of a newly introduced major organized religion.
Chaucer and Dante are noteworthy for __________.
a. challenging the secular authority of the Papacy during the Middle Ages
b. contributing to the growth of vernacular languages in Europe during the Middle Ages
c. their attempts to discover a northwest passage to Asia across the American continent
d. leading the failed Children’s Crusade in the twelfth century
e. founding the world’s first universities, in Oxford and Bologna respectively
What is b. contributing to the growth of vernacular languages in Europe during the Middle Ages.
Geoffrey Chaucer and Dante Alighieri are noteworthy for their contributions to the growth of vernacular languages in Europe during the Middle Ages. Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales contributed to the spread of vernacular English in England and Dante’s Inferno (and other famous works) contributed to the spread of vernacular Italian in Italy. In both of these countries
This is a coalition of non-Western economies that coordinate economic and diplomatic efforts around a shared goal. They seek countries that want to build an alternative to what they see as the dominance of the Western viewpoint in major multilateral groupings.
a. World Bank
b. UN
c. BRICS
d. WTO
Who is c. BRICS.
The BRICS is a group formed by eleven countries: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, Ethiopia, Indonesia, and Iran. It serves as a political and diplomatic coordination forum for countries from the Global South and for coordination in the most diverse areas.
The objectives of BRICS include strengthening economic, political, and social cooperation among its members, as well as increasing the influence of Global South countries in international governance. The group seeks to improve the legitimacy, equity in participation, and efficiency of global institutions such as the UN, IMF, World Bank, and WTO. Moreover, it aims to bolster sustainable social and economic development and promote social inclusion.
World Bank: The World Bank Group is a family of five multilateral institutions focused on economic development whose overarching mission is global poverty reduction. Established by Western powers in 1944, the World Bank was originally tasked with rebuilding the economies of postwar Europe. Almost eighty years later, it has funded more than twelve thousand projects and expanded its reach into nearly all of the world’s developing countries.
WTO: The World Trade Organization (WTO) is a global organization that deals with the rules of trade between nations. It is made up of 164 member countries, and its goal is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly and predictably as possible. If a trade dispute occurs, the WTO works to resolve it. For example, if a country erects a trade barrier in the form of a customs duty against a particular country or a particular good, the WTO may issue trade sanctions against the violating country. The WTO will also work to resolve the conflict through negotiations.
IMF: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a global organization that works to achieve sustainable growth and prosperity for all of its 191 member countries. It does so by supporting economic policies that promote financial stability and monetary cooperation, which are essential to increase productivity, job creation, and economic well-being. The IMF is governed by and is accountable to its member countries.
UN: The United Nations (UN) is an international organization founded in 1945, aimed at promoting peace, dignity, and equality on a healthy planet. It works to prevent conflict, help parties in conflict make peace, and create conditions for lasting peace.
Which Chinese figure was responsible for leading several large maritime voyages authorized by the Ming dynasty during the 15th century?
a. Shi Huangdi
b. Dowager Empress Cixi
c. Cao Cao
d. Zheng He
e. Sun Yat Sen
What is d. Zheng He
Zheng He was the admiral in charge of leading several large expeditions of Ming dynasty 'treasure fleets' throughout the Indian Ocean and East Asian coasts during the 15th century. His journeys helped to establish in the minds of many contacted peoples the might of Imperial China, while confirming for many Chinese bureaucrats the power of the Ming dynasty.
German unification was led by which of these states?
a. Bohemia
b. Moravia
c. Saxony
d. Prussia
e. Bavaria
Who is d. Prussia.
Prussia emerged as the most powerful of the German states in the eighteenth century and only grew in power in the nineteenth century after a series of successful wars against France and Austria. It was under Prussian leadership, specifically the leadership of Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, that German unification was achieved in 1871.
Which of the following is a belief shared by Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?
a. The word of God must be spread through conquest and conversion
b. The most important prophet was Muhammad
c. There is only one god
d. Jesus of Nazareth was the son of God
e. Abraham is the founder of the religion
What is e. Abraham is the founder of their religion.
What was the first civilization in the Americas to have a writing system, densely populated cities, and to produce sculpture and other works of art?
a. The Spanish
b. The Incans
c. The Mayans
d. The Olmecs
e. The Aztecs
What is d. The Olmecs.
1200-400 B.C. The Olmecs were the first civilization in the Americas to invent a writing system, live in densely populated cities, and produce sculptures. The Aztecs had a writing system, sculpture, and lived in urban centers, but centuries after the Olmecs. The Mayans had a writing system, created sculptures, and lived in urban centers, but after the Olmecs; in fact, early Mayan civilization was probably heavily influenced by the Olmecs. The Incans never had a writing system.
Boccaccio was an influential figure in __________.
a. the Italian Renaissance
b. the Fourth Crusade
c. the Northern Renaissance
d. Italian unification
e. German unification
What is a. the Italian Renaissance
Boccaccio was an influential figure in the Italian Renaissance. He is one of the early leading figures associated with humanism. His most famous work is called The Decameron. 14th Century writings, The Decameron comprises a group of stories united by a frame story. As the frame narrative opens, 10 young people (seven women and three men) flee plague-stricken Florence to a delightful villa in nearby Fiesole. Each member of the party rules for a day and sets stipulations for the daily tales to be told by all participants, resulting in a collection of 100 pieces.
Select the historic empire which conquered and governed the largest mass of continuous territory.
a. The Ottoman Empire
b. The Mongol Empire
c. The British Empire
d. The Mughal Empire
e. The Roman Empire
What is b. The Mongol Empire
It is essentially impossible to define the world’s largest empire – the historical definition of “large” can have various meanings, from population size to geographic extent to level of political control and/or societal consolidation. However, it is possible to determine the world’s largest continuous empire (aka side-by-side, with all territories in physical proximity to each other). This honor belongs to the Mongol Empire, first created under the infamous auspices of Genghis Khan. Beginning with Genghis Khan’s assumption of leadership in 1206, the Mongol Empire continually expanded its borders through warfare, eventually stretching all the way across Eastern Europe to the Sea of Japan and southward across the Indian subcontinent and into modern-day Iran.
Which modern nation was not a part of the USSR?
a. Azerbaijan
b. Estonia
c. Bosnia
d. Belarus
e. Ukraine
What is c. Bosnia.
Bosnia was a part of Yugoslavia but was never under the power of the USSR. It was an independent state before being annexed by Austria-Hungary and subsequently Yugoslavia. Bosnia regained independence in 1992. All of the other states declared independence from the USSR between 1990-1991 as it lost power, and subsequently dissolved.
Galileo was accused and convicted of heresy by the Inquisition in 1633 for what reason?
a. He argued that the Sun was not an unblemished sphere, but instead contained sunspots
b. He defended the idea that the Sun and the other planets revolve around the Earth
c. He argued that the Moon contained craters and mountains
d. He defended the idea that the Earth and the other planets revolve around the Sun
e. He argued that Jupiter was orbited by at least four moons
What is d. He defended the idea that the Earth and the other plants revolved around the Sun.
Galileo was not the first astronomer to argue that the Earth and the other planets revolved around the Sun, but he defended the idea in several of his writings. Galileo's advocacy for heliocentrism put him at odds with Church officials who feared that acceptance of the idea would lead to doubts about the truth of Christianity, since passages in the Bible claimed that the Earth was unmovable. Galileo was forced by the Inquisition to recant his previous advocacy of heliocentrism, and he was sentenced to house arrest for the rest of his life.