Consolidation
Under Mughal emperors like Akbar the Great, a class of bureaucratic officials called zamindars helped the emperor consolidate power by collecting this important fee
What are taxes/What is taxation?
The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires used weapons of this type to conquer new territories and expand their respective empires.
What is gunpowder?
These concepts were used by states around the world to legitimize their power.
What are Religion, Art, and Architecture
This disease rapidly spread through New World populations, leading to millions of deaths in North and South America c. 1492.
What is Smallpox?
Innovations from this country, such as the compass, astrolabe, and stern rudder were extremely influential on the European abiliy to explore the world c. 1450-1700
What is China?
What is live in the capital and leave family as hostages?
Using these implements, Spanish conquistadors and other European soldiers in the New World held a major advantage over Natives when it came to war
What are gunpowder weapons, steel armor, and horses?
The reestablishment of this belief system was crucial for the legitimacy of both the Ming and Qing dynasties in China after Mongol rule during the Yuan dynasty.
If the New World equates to North and South America, then the Old World equates to this term for multiple continents
What is Afro-Eurasia?
This region was cutoff from luxury goods on the Silk Road by the Turkic Islamic Gunpowder empires and had no sea routes to the Indian Ocean Trade Network, which fueled this region's states to seek out alternative trade routes.
What is Western European Countries?
Representing a continuity in Chinese history, the use of the civil service exam to fill the ranks of this group, allowed the Chinese emperor to consolidate power through taxation and other administrative tasks.
What is the Imperial Bureaucracy?
These fierce peasant warriors were used by Ivan the Terrible to conquer west to the Volga River and expand the Russian Empire
Who are the Cossacks?
Spreading this version of Christianity was used by the Spanish Empire to justify/legitimize their conquest of huge areas in the New World
What is Catholicism?
The massive exchange of people, weapons, manufactured goods, and raw materials between Europe, Africa, and the New World c. 1450-1750
What is The Triangular Trade (Trans-Atlantic Trade)?
These were the two major, New World empires destroyed by Spanish Conquistadors during the 16th Century
What are the Aztec (Central America) and Incan (South America) Empires?
Taxation is a crucial component of how states consolidate power. Taxes were paid in silver, rice, gold, and numerous other commodities, however, some states demanded blood taxes. This is an example of a blood tax demanded by states c. 1450-1750 CE.
What is the human sacrifice demanded by the Aztec Empire?
What is the Devshirme demanded by the Ottoman Empire? (Janissaries)
The Ottoman Empire was famous for using this technique, including massive gunpowder cannons, to expand their empire and conquer cities like Constantinople, which they renamed Istanbul
What is siege warfare?
This concept was used by both Akbar the Accepting and Suleiman the Magnificent to legitimize their rule as they expanded the regions under the rule of the Mughal and Ottoman Empires respectively.
What is religious tolerance?
Using both indigenous and African slave labor for production, this type of export became crucial to the Trans-Atlantic economy c. 1450-1700.
What are raw materials/raw goods i.e. sugarcane, lumber, tobacco, silver, cacao, etc.
Using ships like the caravel, this state/country became the early leader among European countries in terms of exploration by rounding the southern-tip of Africa and establishing a trading-post empire in the Indian Ocean Trade Network.
What is Portugal?
This decentralized system of government was prevalent in Japan and Europe prior to the consolidation of power by states in the time period c. 1450 to 1750
What is Feudalism?
As exemplified by Tamerlane and the Gunpowder Empires that followed, this is the warrior code that represents a syncretic blend between nomadic warrior culture and the Islamic belief system.
The Ghazi Ideal?
The law based on the Quran that may include a jizya tax and/or requirements for women to wear a hijab, niqab, or Burka.
What is Sharia Law?
The reintroduction of this animal to North American revolutionized the way of life for many Native American c. 1450-1700.
What is the horse?
Due to this economic theory, Spain mined so much silver from a South American mountain called Potosi that they destroyed their economy through inflation
What is mercantilism?