The Enlightenment
This English philosopher argued that humans possess natural rights to life, liberty, and property.
Who is John Locke?
This European revolution in the late 18th century was directly inspired by Enlightenment ideas about liberty and equality.
What is the French Revolution?
This term describes the movement of people from rural areas to cities during industrialization.
What is Urbanization?
Japan rapidly industrialized during this movement to avoid Western domination.
What was the Meiji Restoration?
This revolution, which made farming more efficient, pre-dated the Industrial Revolution and forced laborers to migrate from rural areas to cities.
What was the Agricultural Revolution?
This type of economic system, promoted by Adam Smith, relies on free markets and limited government intervention.
What is Capitalism?
This Enlightenment‑influenced revolution in the Caribbean was closely tied to the events of the French Revolution and was led by formerly enslaved people.
What was the Haitian revolution?
This system of production replaced skilled artisans with machines and unskilled laborers.
This movement in the Ottoman Empire adopted Enlightenment‑style reforms in the 18th and 19th centuries.
What is the Tanzimat reforms?
This economic philosophy argued that government should not interfere with business or industry.
What is laissez-faire economics?
This 18th‑century movement emphasized reason and scientific inquiry over tradition and superstition.
What is The Enlightenment?
This Latin American revolutionary leader drew on Enlightenment principles to justify independence from Spain.
Who was Simon Bolivar?
These groups of workers organized for better wages, shorter hours, and safer working conditions for industrial laborers.
What are labor unions?
This Chinese uprising (1850–1864) weakened the Qing and increased pressure for modernization.
What is the Taiping Rebellion?
This thinker wrote The Communist Manifesto, criticizing industrial capitalism.
Who is Karl Marx?
This late‑18th‑century uprising was fueled by Enlightenment ideas about natural rights, popular sovereignty, and the social contract, ultimately leading to the creation of a new republic.
What is the American Revolution>
The estate representing common people in pre-revolutionary France
What is the Third Estate?
What is the bourgeoisie?
These two countries abolished slavery and serfdom in the 19th century.
What were the US and Russia?
This economic factor allowed British entrepreneurs to invest in factories, machines, and new technologies, helping cause the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain.
What was access to capital?
This Enlightenment thinker argued that women’s education was essential for a just society.
Who is Mary Wollstonecraft
This document, created during the French Revolution, reflected Enlightenment ideals of equality and citizenship.
What is the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen?
Social class of wage-earning factory workers
What is the proletariat?
This country’s Self‑Strengthening Movement aimed to modernize the military and economy while preserving Confucian values.
What is China?
What type of business organization limits investors’ financial risk to their initial investment, encouraging entrepreneurship and investment similar to firms that supported industrial growth in Great Britain?
What is the Limited Liability Company (LLC)