Unit 1
How did innovation affect the Chinese economy over time?
Allowed China's economy to flourish over time
What is the Silk Road?
The Silk Road was a network of routes that connected Asia and Europe including land and sea routes.
Merchants traveled along the routes in caravans, stopping to rest, replenish supplies, and sell goods.
What was the Qing Dynasty known for?
Prosperity, tumultuous end, and porcelain
What is the Commercial Revolution?
A significant period of economic growth and change in Europe, primarily between the 15th and 18th centuries, marked by a dramatic increase in overseas trade, the development of new trade routes, the rise of mercantilism, and the establishment of new financial institutions like banks and joint-stock companies, largely spurred by European exploration and colonization of the Americas
What is the Industrial Revolution?
The process of change from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing
How did Chinese cultural traditions influence neighboring regions?
Through Chinese literary and scholarly tradition
What is the Exchange in the Indian Ocean?
Indian Ocean Trade refers to the extensive maritime trading network that connected various regions around the Indian Ocean.
What did the Mughal Empire dominate?
Most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
What were the Primogeniture Laws?
English laws only led eldest sons to inherit the land, leading younger sons to search for money via things like joint-stock companies.
What is Enlightenment?
Use reason to understand the world and improve society.
How did Islam, Judaism, and Christianity shape society in Africa and Asia?
Judaism- gave inspiration for agency against inequity
Islam- encouraged trade and wealth
Christianity- brought education and literacy
What are the Trans-Saharan Trade Routes?
A network of trade routes that crossed the Sahara Desert in Africa, connecting the Mediterranean coast to the West African savannah and the sub-Saharan region.
What was the Ottoman Empire?
It was one of the largest and most long-lasting empires in world history. At its greatest extent, the empire extended to three continents -- stretching from the Balkans in southeastern Europe across Anatolia, Central Asia, Arabia, and North Africa, thanks in large part to the Ottoman military and its use of gunpowder.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, people, and ideas between the Old World and the New World.
How is capitalism different from mercantilism?
Differ on their goals and how they regulate markets.
What caused the Islamic states to rise over time?
Military conquest, trade, and missionaries
What is the process of state-building and decline in Eurasia over time?
A complex cycle marked by the rise and fall of empires, often driven by factors like political leadership, economic prosperity, military strength, social cohesion, environmental changes, and external pressures, with periods of expansion through conquest and trade followed by internal instability and fragmentation.
How was the Songhai?
The largest and last of the three major pre-colonial empires to emerge in West Africa.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Involves agreements between King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile and King John II of Portugal establishing a new demarcation line between the two crowns, running from pole to pole, 370 leagues to the west of Cape Verde islands.
What factors led to the development of labor unions in this period?
Calls for reform
Why did Muslim rule continue to expand to many parts of Afro-Eurasia?
Establishing political power in new regions
Explain the various factors that led to the growth of the Silk Road trade network in the 1200-1450 time period.
An increase in innovations and improved commercial practices and revival of old routes and creation of new ones
What was the Janissaries job?
Personal guards of Ottoman sultans.
Who was Dahomey?
A West African kingdom located within present-day Benin.
What changes occurred due to the involvement of labor unions and worker protests?
Improved working conditions like better wages, shorter working hours, safer environments, limitations on child labor, the establishment of minimum wage laws, and the right to collective bargaining, essentially giving workers more power to negotiate with employers for better terms