Governance
This Chinese system selected officials based on merit through examinations.
Civil Service Exam
This trans-Saharan trade good from West Africa was highly valued in Mediterranean markets.
Gold
This religion originated in India and emphasizes the Four Noble Truths.
Buddhism
This Chinese invention allowed for the mass production of texts and ideas.
Printing Press (movable type/woodblock)
This system in the Americas categorized people based on race and ancestry during colonial rule.
Casta System
This system in the Abbasid Caliphate allowed non-Muslims to practice their religion while paying a special tax.
Dhimmi System
This joint-stock company dominated oceanic trade in Asia during the 17th century.
Dutch East India Company (VOC)
This movement in Europe challenged the authority of the Catholic Church in the 16th century.
Protestant Reformation
This weapon, originally developed in China, revolutionized warfare in later periods.
Gunpowder
This labor system in Russia was officially abolished in 1861.
This document limited the power of the English monarchy in 1215.
Magna Carta
This labor system in the Caribbean and Brazil relied on enslaved Africans to produce sugar for global markets.
Plantation System
This artistic and intellectual movement began in Italian city-states and emphasized classical learning.
Renaissance
This transportation innovation greatly expanded trade networks during the 19th century.
Steam Engine
A group in Qing China led a massive mid-19th century revolt against the ruling dynasty.
Taiping Rebellion
This policy was adopted by countries seeking to avoid Cold War alliances.
Non-Aligned Movement
This international organization, founded in 1995, promotes global trade by reducing tariffs and trade barriers.
World Trade Organization (WTO)
This belief system in East Asia blended elements of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism.
Neo-Confucianism
This 20th-century invention enabled instant global communication through interconnected networks.
Internet
This 19th-century social theory divided society into bourgeoisie and proletariat classes.
Marxism
This period of reduced tension between the United States and the Soviet Union occurred in the 1970s.
Détente
This trade network connected Africa, the Americas, and Europe, exchanging enslaved people, raw materials, and manufactured goods.
Triangular Trade
This 20th-century cultural trend spread American music, film, and consumer culture globally.
Westernization
This U.S. funded research during World War II developed the first atomic weapons.
Manhattan Project
This policy of nonviolent resistance became a defining strategy of India’s independence movement under Gandhi.
Civil Disobedience