Revolutions
This Enlightenment thinker promoted the idea of natural rights: life, liberty, and property.
Who is John Locke
Industrial workers, including women and children, were blanked compared to men in similar jobs.
What are paid low wages?
This company controlled large parts of India before the British crown took direct control in 1858.
What is the BEIC
This religion spread widely in sub-Saharan Africa during the 19th century, often due to missionary efforts from Europe
What is Christianity
In the 19th century, demand for raw materials and finished goods created new patterns of this long-distance economic activity
What is Global Trade
Leaders like Simón Bolívar were inspired by Enlightenment ideals to challenge colonial rule in this region.
What is Latin America
As factories increased, cities grew rapidly in this process, often without sanitation or infrastructure
What is Urbanization
This ideology, applying evolutionary concepts to human societies, was used to justify imperialism and racial superiority
What is Social Darwinism
In response to Western influence, some Chinese turned to this traditional philosophy emphasizing harmony and filial piety
What is Confucianism?
This war began after Britain refused to stop selling an addictive drug in China, leading to unequal treaties
What is the opium wars
This ideology united people through shared culture, language, and history, and played a major role in 19th-century revolutions.
What is Nationalism
Mass migrations to places like the United States and Argentina were often driven by this industrial-era need.
What is Cheap Labor
This race among European nations to claim African land intensified after the Berlin Conference
What is the Scramble for Africa
This empire maintained Islamic traditions while adopting some European military and administrative reform
What is the Ottoman Empire?
The American, French, and Haitian Revolutions are collectively known by this term due to their shared Enlightenment roots.
What are the Atlantic Revolutions
Two competing political ideologies that rose during this period were liberalism and this anti-capitalist movement associated with Karl Marx.
What is socialism
This country became a leader in industrial output by the late 1800s, rivaling Britain.
What is Germany
European powers often justified imperialism using this “duty” to civilize non-Europeans
What is the White Mans Burden
This event in China (1850–1864) was led by Hong Xiuquan, who claimed to be the brother of Jesus Christ.
What is the Taiping Rebellion?
By the late 1800s, industrialized nations increasingly controlled foreign economies in this form of indirect domination
What is economic Imperialism
This revolution, led by formerly enslaved people, challenged both colonialism and racial hierarchies and had major consequences for Atlantic economies
What is the Haitian Revolution
The Industrial Revolution gave rise to this new middle-class social group focused on management and white-collar work.
What is the bourgeoisie?
A series of defeats and unequal treaties in the 19th century led China to refer to this time as its "Century of ________."
What is Humiliation/Century of Humiliation
What is the belief that was popular among enlightenment thinkers that god created the universe but does not intervene
What is Deism
In the 19th century, European demand for raw materials like cotton and rubber led to the increased production of these goods in places like India and Africa. What was one major effect of this?
What is the growth of cash-crop economies and increased colonial exploitation?