Who sponsored Christopher Columbus' journey?
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain
What was the name given to the trip from Africa to the New World?
The Middle Passage
What was the name of the War between France and England? *Hint, it has 2 names.
French and Indian War or Seven Years War
Explain Triangular Trade?
process of a ship carrying European manufactured goods such as firearms to West Africa, and from there transport enslaved Africans to the Americas, and then load up with sugar or tobacco to take to Europe.
What was the Metacom's War?
King Philip's War was in part a result of English colonists using underhanded tactics in their continuing pressure to control Native American lands in the 16th and 17th centuries.
What famous French King wanted to keep power from the common people and the nobility?
King Louis XIV
What forest was home to Robin Hood and his band of Merry Men?
Sherwood Forest
What were French, English, and Dutch explorers looking for in the 1500's and 1600's? Hint* Not a material thing*
The Northwest Passage
What was the name given to Spanish explorers who brought war and disease with them?
Conquistadores
What is the difference between a Indentured Servant and the Enslaved?
Indentured Servant: Attached to land until debt paid.
Enslaved: Considered property, no rights.
How did the Atlantic Slave Trade effect Africa?
- Weakened African Kingdoms
- Slowed population growth
- Trade competition led to extreme violence
- Slave trading made African Kingdoms dependent on European goods
- Slowed their economic process to advance and allows Europeans to take over
Who were the Cossacks?
Neighboring nomadic descendants of the Mongols, this warrior tribe lived independent of the state of Russia but were hired from time to time to fight off Swedish, Tartar, and Ottoman forces for Mother Russia.
In the Americas castas (mixed race of people) began to emerge. Tell me the meaning of the following three.
Mestizos, Mulattoes, and Zambos
Mestizos = mixed of European and Indigenous Ancestry
Mulattoes = mixed of European and African Ancestry
Zambos = mixed of Indigenous and African Ancestry
What does the SETI program do?
Search for Extra Terrestrial Life!
Which of the following best explains a similarity between the earliest English and French voyages across the North Atlantic in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?
A: They succeeded despite receiving little support from their respective state governments.
B: They were often launched in the hopes of finding alternative sailing routes to Asia.
C: They were ended after encountering violent resistance from Portuguese and Spanish naval forces.
D: They helped convince western European monarchies to abandon mercantilist policies in favor of free-trade policies.
B: They were often launched in the hopes of finding alternative sailing routes to Asia.
“In the course of the fifth year [1519] the terrible pestilence began. First there was a cough, then blood. The number of deaths at this time was truly terrible.
In 1520 the pestilence spread. Truly, the number of deaths among the people was terrible and the people could not escape from the pestilence.
In 1521 my father, King Hunyg, died. The elders and the priests died alike from the pestilence. Half the people threw themselves into the ravines to escape it. The oldest son of the king died at the same time as well as his young brother. Thus, our people became poor.
In 1524 the Spanish arrived in our country and destroyed our people. The Spanish conquered all the towns.
In 1542 Dominican friars arrived from Mexico, and they taught us the Doctrine of Christ in our language. Until that time we had been ignorant of the word and the commandments of God.
In 1560 the pestilence that had formerly raged among the people returned again. It was truly terrible when this death was sent among us by the great God. Many families disappeared. All here were soon attacked, and I was also attacked with the disease.”
Historical chronicle of the Maya Kaqchikel people, composed and edited by different members of the Maya political elite in the Kaqchikel language, circa 1571–1604
All of the following pieces of evidence in the passage directly support the author’s claim that the “pestilence” was “terrible” EXCEPT:
A: The Maya king died in the epidemic.
B: Fear of the disease drove Maya people to commit suicide.
C: The disease killed members of the Maya elite, including elders and priests.
D: The disease led to the arrival of Dominican friars.
D: The disease led to the arrival of Dominican friars.
PORTUGUESE IVORY PLAQUE REPRESENTING THE CHRIST CHILD ON A SAILING SHIP, PRODUCED IN PORTUGUESE GOA,* EARLY SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
© The Trustees of the British Museum
*Goa is located on the southwestern coast of India.
The production of the plaque in Goa is best understood in the immediate context of which of the following?
A: The establishment of plantation economies
B: The spread of printing-press technology
C: The development of trading-post empires
D: The decline of Asian states such as the Mughal Empire
C: The development of trading-post empires
PORTUGUESE IVORY PLAQUE REPRESENTING THE CHRIST CHILD ON A SAILING SHIP, PRODUCED IN PORTUGUESE GOA,* EARLY SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
© The Trustees of the British Museum
*Goa is located on the southwestern coast of India.
The implicit claim made by the image about a connection between religious devotion and maritime exploration best demonstrates which of the following in the period circa 1450–1750 ?
A: Increasing global connections expanded the reach of existing religions.
B: Church authorities argued that religious diversity should be respected and protected.
C: The intensification of cross-cultural interactions resulted in the development of syncretic religions.
D: Religious motivations for European exploration and colonization were secondary to economic motivations.
A: Increasing global connections expanded the reach of existing religions.
“Colonel Robert Bennett, under the authority of the Governor of Jamaica, makes a treaty with the rebellious Blacks, today, June 23, 1739. Captain Quao, and several other Black officers under his command, surrendered under the following terms.
1. All hostilities on both sides shall cease forever, Amen.
2. Captain Quao and his people shall have a certain quantity of land given to them, in order to raise crops, hogs, fowls, goats, or whatsoever stock they may think proper, with sugarcanes excepted.
3. Four White men shall constantly live and reside with them in their town, in order to keep a good correspondence with the Black inhabitants of this Island.
4. Captain Quao and his people shall destroy all other rebellious Blacks in any part of Jamaica. They shall be paid to apprehend any runaway Blacks and return them to their respective owners.
5. If any White man shall disturb or annoy any of the people or property that may belong to the said Captain Quao and his people, they may complain to a magistrate and receive justice.”
Treaty between British colonial authorities and the Windward Maroons, Jamaica, 1739. The Windward Maroons were descendants of Africans brought to the Americas in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries who had fled to the mountainous regions of the island.
The actions of the Maroons that forced British colonial authorities to conclude a treaty with them are best explained as evidence of reactions against which of the following global trends in the period 1450–1750 ?
A: The persistent spread of epidemic diseases
B: The continuing impoverishment of indigenous populations resulting from agricultural transfers
C: The increase in armed conflict resulting from state rivalries over control of trade routes
D: The increasing expansion and centralization of state power
D: The increasing expansion and centralization of state power
“In the context of the Ottoman Empire, toleration [ensured] that, as a rule, non-Muslims would not be persecuted. No doubt, as dhimmis,* according to Islam, they were second-class citizens . . . who endured a healthy dose of daily prejudice. [Nevertheless, the Ottomans tolerated religious and ethnic difference] because it had something to contribute. That is, difference added to the empire; it did not detract from it and, therefore, it was commended. Toleration had a [beneficial] quality; maintaining peace and order was good for imperial life, diversity contributed to imperial welfare. . . .
The Ottoman Empire fared better than did its predecessors or contemporaries [in tolerating religious and ethnic difference] until the beginning of the eighteenth century, largely as a result of its understanding of difference and its resourcefulness in [administrative organization]. It maintained relative peace with its various communities and also ensured that interethnic strife would not occur.”
*Islamic law defines dhimmis as non-Muslim communities living under Muslim political rule
Karen Barkey, Turkish-American historian and sociologist, Empire of Difference: The Ottomans in Comparative Perspective, published in 2008
All of the following statements about the Ottoman Empire in the period 1450–1750 are factually accurate. Which would most strongly support Barkey’s claim regarding the Ottoman state and toleration in the passage?
A: The Ottoman army increasingly relied on the contributions of the Janissary corps, which was mostly composed of soldiers of non-Turkic origin.
B: Some Ottoman sultans such as Selim I refused to accept the legitimacy of the Safavid rulers of Persia because they were Shi‘a Muslims.
C: Some Ottoman sultans such as Suleiman the Magnificent patronized Sufi mystics, whose heterodox practices were sometimes condemned by the Sunni religious elite.
D: The Ottoman government required any cases involving a dispute between Muslims and non-Muslims to be resolved according to Islamic law.
A: The Ottoman army increasingly relied on the contributions of the Janissary corps, which was mostly composed of soldiers of non-Turkic origin.
What fictional village sits in the shadow of Mount Crumpit?
Whoville
Which of the following best explains an effect of Spanish voyages across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in Europe in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?
A: They encouraged many governments to expand the use of coerced labor in Europe.
B: They led to the rapid spread of epidemic diseases such as smallpox.
C: They greatly increased interest in transoceanic travel and trade in other European countries.
D: They led to the introduction of new staple crops such as sugar.
C: They greatly increased interest in transoceanic travel and trade in other European countries.
“In the course of the fifth year [1519] the terrible pestilence began. First there was a cough, then blood. The number of deaths at this time was truly terrible.
In 1520 the pestilence spread. Truly, the number of deaths among the people was terrible and the people could not escape from the pestilence.
In 1521 my father, King Hunyg, died. The elders and the priests died alike from the pestilence. Half the people threw themselves into the ravines to escape it. The oldest son of the king died at the same time as well as his young brother. Thus, our people became poor.
In 1524 the Spanish arrived in our country and destroyed our people. The Spanish conquered all the towns.
In 1542 Dominican friars arrived from Mexico, and they taught us the Doctrine of Christ in our language. Until that time we had been ignorant of the word and the commandments of God.
In 1560 the pestilence that had formerly raged among the people returned again. It was truly terrible when this death was sent among us by the great God. Many families disappeared. All here were soon attacked, and I was also attacked with the disease.”
Historical chronicle of the Maya Kaqchikel people, composed and edited by different members of the Maya political elite in the Kaqchikel language, circa 1571–1604
Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author use to support his claim that the arrival of the Spanish “destroyed our people”?
A: The Spanish spread infectious disease among the Maya.
B: The Spanish conquered all Maya towns.
C: Maya people became poor.
D: The Spanish assassinated the king’s eldest son.
B: The Spanish conquered all Maya towns.
PORTUGUESE IVORY PLAQUE REPRESENTING THE CHRIST CHILD ON A SAILING SHIP, PRODUCED IN PORTUGUESE GOA,* EARLY SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
© The Trustees of the British Museum
*Goa is located on the southwestern coast of India.
A likely purpose for including the religious figure in the plaque was to show that
A: salvation for the Portuguese inhabitants of Goa could be obtained only by rejecting material wealth
B: Portuguese naval activities in the Indian Ocean region were favored by divine forces
C: because of their belief in the prophecy of Jesus, the Muslim inhabitants of Goa could also obtain salvation
D: Jesus was going to provide the Portuguese with new sailing technologies for their ships if they continued to follow him
B: Portuguese naval activities in the Indian Ocean region were favored by divine forces
“There are one hundred and fifty households in Manila. The houses of the city are so suitable and those of the country so charming that life in those islands is altogether delightful. At one end of the city is the quarter for the Chinese merchants. There are about twenty thousand of them. It is a very curious place to see, because of the fine order in which the Chinese live. Every kind of merchandise has its own separate area, and those goods are so rare that they merit admiration.
The Spanish merchants of Manila intermix with the Chinese and the Portuguese of Macao so that they may enjoy the freedom to participate in commerce with China. The Spanish do not attempt to hide the fact that they are acting as agents for the inhabitants of Mexico and lately they have sent a great quantity of merchandise to Peru and to Mexico from Asia. The emperor of China could build a palace with the silver bars from Peru that have been carried to his country because of that traffic, without their ships having been registered, and without taxes having been paid to the king of Spain.”
Jerónimo de Bañuelos y Carrillo, Spanish admiral, description of the trade of the Philippines, published in Mexico, 1638
Which of the following claims made in the second paragraph would a historian likely cite to demonstrate how European expansion created a truly global economy in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
A: The Chinese emperor could build a palace from all the silver that arrives from Peru.
B: Many Spanish merchants have successfully avoided paying taxes to the king of Spain.
C: Merchants of different ethnic groups seek to engage in trade with China.
D: The ships that Spanish merchants use are often not registered.
A: The Chinese emperor could build a palace from all the silver that arrives from Peru.
“Colonel Robert Bennett, under the authority of the Governor of Jamaica, makes a treaty with the rebellious Blacks, today, June 23, 1739. Captain Quao, and several other Black officers under his command, surrendered under the following terms.
1. All hostilities on both sides shall cease forever, Amen.
2. Captain Quao and his people shall have a certain quantity of land given to them, in order to raise crops, hogs, fowls, goats, or whatsoever stock they may think proper, with sugarcanes excepted.
3. Four White men shall constantly live and reside with them in their town, in order to keep a good correspondence with the Black inhabitants of this Island.
4. Captain Quao and his people shall destroy all other rebellious Blacks in any part of Jamaica. They shall be paid to apprehend any runaway Blacks and return them to their respective owners.
5. If any White man shall disturb or annoy any of the people or property that may belong to the said Captain Quao and his people, they may complain to a magistrate and receive justice.”
Treaty between British colonial authorities and the Windward Maroons, Jamaica, 1739. The Windward Maroons were descendants of Africans brought to the Americas in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries who had fled to the mountainous regions of the island.
The passage could best be used to explain which of the following developments in the Americas in the period 1500–1750 ?
A: Enslaved peoples and their descendants were frequently recruited into the armies of colonial empires.
B: Some of the descendants of enslaved peoples gradually came to own large sugar plantations.
C: Some enslaved peoples won their freedom by taking legal action against plantation owners in colonial courts.
D: Enslaved peoples and their descendants used violent means to escape oppression and maintain their freedom.
D: Enslaved peoples and their descendants used violent means to escape oppression and maintain their freedom.
“In the context of the Ottoman Empire, toleration [ensured] that, as a rule, non-Muslims would not be persecuted. No doubt, as dhimmis,* according to Islam, they were second-class citizens . . . who endured a healthy dose of daily prejudice. [Nevertheless, the Ottomans tolerated religious and ethnic difference] because it had something to contribute. That is, difference added to the empire; it did not detract from it and, therefore, it was commended. Toleration had a [beneficial] quality; maintaining peace and order was good for imperial life, diversity contributed to imperial welfare. . . .
The Ottoman Empire fared better than did its predecessors or contemporaries [in tolerating religious and ethnic difference] until the beginning of the eighteenth century, largely as a result of its understanding of difference and its resourcefulness in [administrative organization]. It maintained relative peace with its various communities and also ensured that interethnic strife would not occur.”
*Islamic law defines dhimmis as non-Muslim communities living under Muslim political rule
Karen Barkey, Turkish-American historian and sociologist, Empire of Difference: The Ottomans in Comparative Perspective, published in 2008
Which of the following developments in the period 1450–1750 would a historian most likely cite to support Barkey’s claim regarding the Ottoman Empire and its predecessors and contemporaries in the first sentence of the second paragraph?
A: The recruitment of Italian and Dutch merchants and officers into the Portuguese and Spanish navies
B: The use of Hindu officials in the Mughal imperial administration
C: The establishment of racial categories of social hierarchy under the casta system in Spanish colonies in the Americas
D: The official protection granted to Protestant communities in some European states, such as France, following religious conflicts
C: The establishment of racial categories of social hierarchy under the casta system in Spanish colonies in the Americas
What artist group performed the song titled "MMMBop"?
Hanson
Which of the following best explains a similar motivation behind the establishment of Portuguese trading posts in Africa and the establishment of Portuguese trading posts in Asia?
A: The trading posts in both regions were intended to prevent economic collapse following the disintegration of powerful local empires.
B: The trading posts in both regions were intended to facilitate commercial cooperation between European states.
C: The trading posts in both regions were intended to facilitate the transfer of slaves to the Americas.
D: The trading posts in both regions were intended to allow the Portuguese to control access to heavily trafficked maritime routes.
D: The trading posts in both regions were intended to allow the Portuguese to control access to heavily trafficked maritime routes.
“In the course of the fifth year [1519] the terrible pestilence began. First there was a cough, then blood. The number of deaths at this time was truly terrible.
In 1520 the pestilence spread. Truly, the number of deaths among the people was terrible and the people could not escape from the pestilence.
In 1521 my father, King Hunyg, died. The elders and the priests died alike from the pestilence. Half the people threw themselves into the ravines to escape it. The oldest son of the king died at the same time as well as his young brother. Thus, our people became poor.
In 1524 the Spanish arrived in our country and destroyed our people. The Spanish conquered all the towns.
In 1542 Dominican friars arrived from Mexico, and they taught us the Doctrine of Christ in our language. Until that time we had been ignorant of the word and the commandments of God.
In 1560 the pestilence that had formerly raged among the people returned again. It was truly terrible when this death was sent among us by the great God. Many families disappeared. All here were soon attacked, and I was also attacked with the disease.”
Historical chronicle of the Maya Kaqchikel people, composed and edited by different members of the Maya political elite in the Kaqchikel language, circa 1571–1604
Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author use to support his implicit argument that Maya society underwent a dramatic cultural change in the sixteenth century?
A: Dominican friars knew the Maya language.
B: The Maya were converted to Christianity.
C: The Maya nobility lost its social status.
D: Maya people before the conquest were illiterate.
B: The Maya were converted to Christianity.
PORTUGUESE IVORY PLAQUE REPRESENTING THE CHRIST CHILD ON A SAILING SHIP, PRODUCED IN PORTUGUESE GOA,* EARLY SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
© The Trustees of the British Museum
*Goa is located on the southwestern coast of India.
The material used to create the plaque best reflects which of the following historical situations in the Indian Ocean region in the period 1450–1750 ?
A: Trade networks continued to flourish and gave Europeans direct access to precious luxury goods.
B: European luxury goods became increasingly popular among Asian populations in the region.
C: Natural resources from the Americas allowed Asian producers to diversify the products they sold to European merchants.
D: European artisans in the region increasingly copied Islamic and Indian styles in their artistic productions.
A: Trade networks continued to flourish and gave Europeans direct access to precious luxury goods.
“There are one hundred and fifty households in Manila. The houses of the city are so suitable and those of the country so charming that life in those islands is altogether delightful. At one end of the city is the quarter for the Chinese merchants. There are about twenty thousand of them. It is a very curious place to see, because of the fine order in which the Chinese live. Every kind of merchandise has its own separate area, and those goods are so rare that they merit admiration.
The Spanish merchants of Manila intermix with the Chinese and the Portuguese of Macao so that they may enjoy the freedom to participate in commerce with China. The Spanish do not attempt to hide the fact that they are acting as agents for the inhabitants of Mexico and lately they have sent a great quantity of merchandise to Peru and to Mexico from Asia. The emperor of China could build a palace with the silver bars from Peru that have been carried to his country because of that traffic, without their ships having been registered, and without taxes having been paid to the king of Spain.”
Jerónimo de Bañuelos y Carrillo, Spanish admiral, description of the trade of the Philippines, published in Mexico, 1638
The author’s claim that the Spanish inhabitants of Manila act as agents for the inhabitants of Mexico can best be described as a reference to which of the following?
A: The mercantilist trade regulations enforced by Spanish colonial authorities
B: The cultural connections between regions created by Catholic religious orders, such as the Jesuits
C: The differences between the administrative framework of European trading post empires and settler empires
D: The resentment of colonial-born Spanish Creole populations against their second-class status in imperial societies
A: The mercantilist trade regulations enforced by Spanish colonial authorities
“Colonel Robert Bennett, under the authority of the Governor of Jamaica, makes a treaty with the rebellious Blacks, today, June 23, 1739. Captain Quao, and several other Black officers under his command, surrendered under the following terms.
1. All hostilities on both sides shall cease forever, Amen.
2. Captain Quao and his people shall have a certain quantity of land given to them, in order to raise crops, hogs, fowls, goats, or whatsoever stock they may think proper, with sugarcanes excepted.
3. Four White men shall constantly live and reside with them in their town, in order to keep a good correspondence with the Black inhabitants of this Island.
4. Captain Quao and his people shall destroy all other rebellious Blacks in any part of Jamaica. They shall be paid to apprehend any runaway Blacks and return them to their respective owners.
5. If any White man shall disturb or annoy any of the people or property that may belong to the said Captain Quao and his people, they may complain to a magistrate and receive justice.”
Treaty between British colonial authorities and the Windward Maroons, Jamaica, 1739. The Windward Maroons were descendants of Africans brought to the Americas in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries who had fled to the mountainous regions of the island.
Article 4 of the treaty is best explained as evidence of how states in the period 1450–1750 sought to
A: suppress resistance to their rule by co-opting local groups
B: grant military titles as a way of encouraging the loyalty of their subjects
C: provide financial incentives to minority populations to participate in local administration
D: promote intermarriage between different ethnic populations in order to reduce conflict
A: suppress resistance to their rule by co-opting local groups
In the context of the Ottoman Empire, toleration [ensured] that, as a rule, non-Muslims would not be persecuted. No doubt, as dhimmis,* according to Islam, they were second-class citizens . . . who endured a healthy dose of daily prejudice. [Nevertheless, the Ottomans tolerated religious and ethnic difference] because it had something to contribute. That is, difference added to the empire; it did not detract from it and, therefore, it was commended. Toleration had a [beneficial] quality; maintaining peace and order was good for imperial life, diversity contributed to imperial welfare. . . .
The Ottoman Empire fared better than did its predecessors or contemporaries [in tolerating religious and ethnic difference] until the beginning of the eighteenth century, largely as a result of its understanding of difference and its resourcefulness in [administrative organization]. It maintained relative peace with its various communities and also ensured that interethnic strife would not occur.”
*Islamic law defines dhimmis as non-Muslim communities living under Muslim political rule
Karen Barkey, Turkish-American historian and sociologist, Empire of Difference: The Ottomans in Comparative Perspective, published in 2008
Which of the following claims that Barkey makes in the passage appears to contradict most directly her assertion in the first sentence of the first paragraph?
A: Ottoman administration played an important role in fostering tolerance in the empire.
B: Ottoman tolerance helped maintain peace and order.
C: Non-Muslims were second-class citizens who endured prejudice.
D: The Ottoman Empire’s policies ensured that interethnic strife did not occur.
C: Non-Muslims were second-class citizens who endured prejudice.
What Michael Keaton film gives mortals a peek into a Handbook for the Recently Deceased?
Beetlejuice