Exploration - Causes and Events
What are TWO technological development that led to increased exploration?
Compass; Carrack; Caravel; Fluyt; Cartography; Astrolabe; Lateen sail
What was the name given to the trip enslaved people took from Africa to the New World?
The Middle Passage
What is vodun/vodoo an example of?
religious syncretism
The exploitation of colonies (including the extraction of precious metals) by a dominating power is known as the economic policy of
Mercantilism
What was the Pueblo Revolt?
What was the tribute system?
This is a system of exchange in which Europe supplied Africa and the Americas with finished goods, the Americas supplied Europe and Africa with raw materials, and Africa supplied the Americas with enslaved laborers
Triangular trade
What were French, English, and Dutch explorers looking for in the 1500's and 1600's? Hint* Not a material thing*
The Northwest Passage
What was the name given to Spanish explorers who brought war and disease with them?
Conquistadores
What commodity most contributed to the import of enslaved Africans to the New World?
How did the Atlantic Slave Trade impact Africa?
- Weakened African Kingdoms
- Slowed population growth
- Trade competition led to extreme violence
- Slave trading made African Kingdoms dependent on European goods
- Slowed their economic process to advance and allows Europeans to take over
What was Ana Nzinga's resistance?
What was the quipu system?
What was the name of European state-sponsored companies sent to control trading posts in Asia? Name 2 of them.
Joint stock companies. British East India Company & Dutch East India Company
Which of the following best explains a similarity between the earliest English and French voyages across the North Atlantic in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?
A: They succeeded despite receiving little support from their respective state governments.
B: They were often launched in the hopes of finding alternative sailing routes to Asia.
C: They were ended after encountering violent resistance from Portuguese and Spanish naval forces.
D: They helped convince western European monarchies to abandon mercantilist policies in favor of free-trade policies.
B: They were often launched in the hopes of finding alternative sailing routes to Asia.
What are TWO long-term causes of the Columbian Exchange?
What is chattel slavery?
Identify 3 different types of coerced labor systems taking place in Europe from 1450-1750
mit'a system, indentured servitude, chattel slavery, encomienda, hacienda
“Colonel Robert Bennett, under the authority of the Governor of Jamaica, makes a treaty with the rebellious Blacks, today, June 23, 1739. Captain Quao, and several other Black officers under his command, surrendered under the following terms.
1. All hostilities on both sides shall cease forever, Amen.
2. Captain Quao and his people shall have a certain quantity of land given to them, in order to raise crops, hogs, fowls, goats, or whatsoever stock they may think proper, with sugarcanes excepted.
3. Four White men shall constantly live and reside with them in their town, in order to keep a good correspondence with the Black inhabitants of this Island.
4. Captain Quao and his people shall destroy all other rebellious Blacks in any part of Jamaica. They shall be paid to apprehend any runaway Blacks and return them to their respective owners.
5. If any White man shall disturb or annoy any of the people or property that may belong to the said Captain Quao and his people, they may complain to a magistrate and receive justice.”
Treaty between British colonial authorities and the Windward Maroons, Jamaica, 1739. The Windward Maroons were descendants of Africans brought to the Americas in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries who had fled to the mountainous regions of the island.
The actions of the Maroons that forced British colonial authorities to conclude a treaty with them are best explained as evidence of reactions against which of the following global trends in the period 1450–1750 ?
A: The persistent spread of epidemic diseases
B: The continuing impoverishment of indigenous populations resulting from agricultural transfers
C: The increase in armed conflict resulting from state rivalries over control of trade routes
D: The increasing expansion and centralization of state power
D: The increasing expansion and centralization of state power
What are Chinampas and why are they significant?
The system of early state-sponsored Spanish colonization that relied on coerced labor.
Encomienda system
What was the primary reason for Europeans' desire to begin extensive maritime travel?
To trade with Asia more easily (avoid taxes from the Ottoman Empire)
Name 3 food products that were originally from the Americas, but had a big impact on Eurasia or Africa?
Potato, Corn, Tomato, Cassava, Beans, Cacao...
What is a difference and similarity between trading post and colonial empires?
“There are one hundred and fifty households in Manila. The houses of the city are so suitable and those of the country so charming that life in those islands is altogether delightful. At one end of the city is the quarter for the Chinese merchants. There are about twenty thousand of them. It is a very curious place to see, because of the fine order in which the Chinese live. Every kind of merchandise has its own separate area, and those goods are so rare that they merit admiration.
The Spanish merchants of Manila intermix with the Chinese and the Portuguese of Macao so that they may enjoy the freedom to participate in commerce with China. The Spanish do not attempt to hide the fact that they are acting as agents for the inhabitants of Mexico and lately they have sent a great quantity of merchandise to Peru and to Mexico from Asia. The emperor of China could build a palace with the silver bars from Peru that have been carried to his country because of that traffic, without their ships having been registered, and without taxes having been paid to the king of Spain.”
Jerónimo de Bañuelos y Carrillo, Spanish admiral, description of the trade of the Philippines, published in Mexico, 1638
Which of the following claims made in the second paragraph would a historian likely cite to demonstrate how European expansion created a truly global economy in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
A: The Chinese emperor could build a palace from all the silver that arrives from Peru.
B: Many Spanish merchants have successfully avoided paying taxes to the king of Spain.
C: Merchants of different ethnic groups seek to engage in trade with China.
D: The ships that Spanish merchants use are often not registered.
A: The Chinese emperor could build a palace from all the silver that arrives from Peru.
“Colonel Robert Bennett, under the authority of the Governor of Jamaica, makes a treaty with the rebellious Blacks, today, June 23, 1739. Captain Quao, and several other Black officers under his command, surrendered under the following terms.
1. All hostilities on both sides shall cease forever, Amen.
2. Captain Quao and his people shall have a certain quantity of land given to them, in order to raise crops, hogs, fowls, goats, or whatsoever stock they may think proper, with sugarcanes excepted.
3. Four White men shall constantly live and reside with them in their town, in order to keep a good correspondence with the Black inhabitants of this Island.
4. Captain Quao and his people shall destroy all other rebellious Blacks in any part of Jamaica. They shall be paid to apprehend any runaway Blacks and return them to their respective owners.
5. If any White man shall disturb or annoy any of the people or property that may belong to the said Captain Quao and his people, they may complain to a magistrate and receive justice.”
Treaty between British colonial authorities and the Windward Maroons, Jamaica, 1739. The Windward Maroons were descendants of Africans brought to the Americas in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries who had fled to the mountainous regions of the island.
The passage could best be used to explain which of the following developments in the Americas in the period 1500–1750 ?
A: Enslaved peoples and their descendants were frequently recruited into the armies of colonial empires.
B: Some of the descendants of enslaved peoples gradually came to own large sugar plantations.
C: Some enslaved peoples won their freedom by taking legal action against plantation owners in colonial courts.
D: Enslaved peoples and their descendants used violent means to escape oppression and maintain their freedom.
D: Enslaved peoples and their descendants used violent means to escape oppression and maintain their freedom.
What is a political difference between the Aztecs and Incas?
What are some changes in the systems of slavery in the period from 1450 to 1750?
Size and scale was like nothing ever seen in history
Slavery linked to plantation agriculture
Dominated by European demand
Demand for males over females due to the intense physical demands of plantation agriculture
Shifted to the New World
Chattel slavery was brutal, generational, and inescapable
Connected to race and to Africa
Which of the following best explains a similar motivation behind the establishment of Portuguese trading posts in Africa and the establishment of Portuguese trading posts in Asia?
A: The trading posts in both regions were intended to prevent economic collapse following the disintegration of powerful local empires.
B: The trading posts in both regions were intended to facilitate commercial cooperation between European states.
C: The trading posts in both regions were intended to facilitate the transfer of slaves to the Americas.
D: The trading posts in both regions were intended to allow the Portuguese to control access to heavily trafficked maritime routes.
D: The trading posts in both regions were intended to allow the Portuguese to control access to heavily trafficked maritime routes.
What is an environmental impact of the Columbian Exchange?
Environmental degradation (deforestation, soil depletion, soil erosion)
What are TWO products Europeans sold African Kingdoms in exchange for enslaved people?
Manufactured goods (textiles, guns, rum)
What was the most important precious metal imported from the New World to Europe and what did Europe do with that metal?
Silver and traded it with China for luxury goods
What are maroon societies?
What was the system of recording information used by the Incans called?
quipus
What was the name of European state-sponsored companies sent to control trading posts in Asia? Name 2 of them.