Revolutions and Causes
This intellectual movement inspired revolutionaries to demand natural rights and challenge absolute monarchies.
What is the Enlightenment?
This country was the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution.
What is Great Britain?
The document establishing the United States as an independent nation, in the world was adopted on July 4, 1776.
What was the Declaration of Independence?
A British enlightened thinker argued that individuals have natural rights to life, liberty, and property. His ideas were adapted by soon-to-be Americans fighting for independence.
Who is John Locke?
A political change that replaces an existing government, often violently.
What is revolution?
The 1789 uprising in this European nation became a model for republicanism and the end of feudal privilege.
What is the French Revolution?
This new energy source, powered by coal, fueled mechanized textile production and transportation.
What is the steam engine?
This ideology emphasizes pride in shared culture, language, and history and was a powerful motivator in 19th-century unification movements.
What is nationalism?
He was a Frenchman who advocated for the separation of powers in government to create a system of checks and balances. This was another concept adapted by the American revolutionaries when formulating their government.
Who is Baron Montesquieu?
The movement to end the Atlantic Slave Trade and free all enslaved people.
What is abolitionism?
This 1791 slave revolt led to the first successful Black republic in the Western Hemisphere.
What is the Haitian Revolution?
This economic system encourages private ownership and competition, emerging strongly during industrialization.
What is capitalism?
Written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, this 1848 text criticized capitalism and called for proletarian revolution.
What is The Communist Manifesto?
He invented the steam engine, which revolutionized the way goods were produced and transported.
Who was James Watt?
The new middle class and investors who owned businesses and machinery.
Who are the bourgeoisie?
These economic and political factors — including taxation without representation and Enlightenment ideas — led to independence movements in the Thirteen Colonies.
What are the causes of the American Revolution?
The movement of people from rural farmlands to cities in search of factory work.
What is urbanization?
This ideology aimed to reorganize society through worker-owned means of production, thereby offering a redistribution of wealth among the working classes.
What is socialism?
He arrived on the shores of Japan in 1853, forcing Japan to open trade to the world, thus instigating government reformation and industrialization in Japan.
Who is US Commodore Matthew Perry?
Organizations of workers that advocate for the right to bargain with employers and put resulting agreements in a contract.
What are labor unions?
This Latin American revolutionary leader used nationalism to unite people of the Andes and helped liberate present-day Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador.
Who is Simón Bolívar?
This term refers to the shift from handmade goods to machine-made goods, transforming productivity and labor systems.
what is industrialization?
This 19th-century economic philosophy argued that businesses operate best when governments follow “hands-off” policies.
What is laissez-faire economics?
She became a reformer or worker and children's rights in the United States after losing her entire family to a fire.
Who is Mother Jones?
The working class, who often work long hours for little pay in mines and factories, during the Industrial Revolution.
Who were the proletariat?