American and French Revolutions
This Enlightenment thinker most strongly influenced the American colonists’ ideas about natural rights and the right to revolt.
Who is John Locke?
This leader helped liberate much of northern South America from Spanish rule.
Who is Simon Bolivar?
This 1884–1885 meeting set rules for European colonization of Africa without African participation.
What is the Berlin Conference?
This European company played a major role in establishing British control over India.
What is the British East India Company (EIC)?
This invention allowed factories to operate independently of water power and greatly increased industrial production.
What is the steam engine?
This geographic feature helped early industrial centers develop by providing cheap transportation and power.
What are rivers and waterways?
This thinker argued that industrial capitalism created class struggle between workers and owners.
Who is Karl Marx?
This British tax helped spark colonial protest by directly taxing printed materials.
What is the Stamp Act?
This group of American-born elites led most Latin American independence movements.
Who are the creoles?
This European ruler personally controlled the Congo Free State and used forced labor and violence to extract rubber, resulting in millions of African deaths.
Who is King Leopold II?
This 1857 rebellion challenged British rule and was sparked in part by religious and cultural grievances.
What is the Sepoy Rebellion (Indian Rebellion of 1857)?
This technology connected interior regions to global markets and allowed raw materials to be transported efficiently.
What are railroads?
This environmental advantage most directly explains why Britain industrialized earlier than many other regions.
What is abundant coal and iron deposits?
This product replaced the Atlantic slave trade as a major export from West Africa in the 19th century.
What is palm oil?
This legislative body formed by the Third Estate claimed to represent the French nation.
What is the National Assembly?
This leader emerged as the most important figure of the Haitian Revolution before being captured by France.
Who is Toussaint L’Ouverture?
Name at least four motivations for European imperialism.
What is the "civilizing" mission, Social Darwinism, racism, and nationalism?
This concept best describes how Western powers controlled China without fully colonizing it.
What is economic imperialism?
This communication technology transformed business and finance by reducing the time needed to make economic decisions.
What is the telegraph?
This event in 1868 marked the beginning of Japan’s rapid industrialization and modernization.
What is the Meiji Restoration?
This labor system expanded after the abolition of slavery to meet the continued demand for plantation and industrial labor.
What is indentured labor?
This French social system divided society into three estates and fueled resentment.
What is the Estate system?
This long-term consequence best explains Haiti’s economic struggles after independence.
What is reparations payments to France and global isolation?
This weapon gave European armies a major military advantage over African forces.
This 1842 agreement marked a turning point by forcing China to open treaty ports and accept foreign privileges, ending the First Opium War.
What is the Treaty of Nanking?
This factor most explains why factories shifted from water power to steam power during the Industrial Revolution.
What is access to abundant coal that could fuel steam engines?
This ruler promoted a cotton textile industry in Egypt to fund modernization and military reform in the early 19th century.
Who is Muhammad Ali?
This series of 19th-century reforms represented the Ottoman Empire’s attempt to modernize its military and administration in response to industrialized European powers.
What are the Tanzimat Reforms?
This 1789 document declared that sovereignty belonged to the nation and that all men were equal before the law.
What is the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?
This social group formed the backbone of Mexico's revolution under Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla?
Who are mestizos and Indigenous peasants?
This African kingdom resisted British imperialism using military force during the late 19th century. Bonus: Name the battle they won.
Who are the Zulu? What is the Battle of Isandlwana?
This British trade good was used to correct a trade imbalance with China and ultimately triggered military conflict when Chinese officials attempted to suppress it.
What is opium?
This 1869 technological development reduced travel time between Europe and Asia and reshaped global trade routes.
What is the Suez Canal?
This demographic shift reshaped population patterns by concentrating labor, housing, and industry in cities during the 19th century.
What is urbanization?
This 1882 U.S. law restricted immigration from a specific ethnic group for the first time in American history as a reaction to rising immigration and nativist fears.
What is the Chinese Exclusion Act?