Unit 5: Revolutions
one of the most influential thinkers of the Enlightenment; wrote Wealth of Nations which responded to mercantilism and called for free trade.
Who is Adam Smith?
Nickname for oil
What is Black Gold?
British document that promised land in Palestine as homeland for Jews in exchange for help in World War I.
What is the Balfour Declaration?
The Republic of South Africa's governing social democratic party.
What is the African National Congress (ANC)?
A phenomenon in which people all over the world learned more about the U.S. than Americans learned about the rest of the world.
What is Americanization?
French philosopher who argued that the best system of government divided the power of government into three parts: legislative, executive, and judicial.
Who is Baron Montesquieu?
Monopolistic trading body established by the British which exploited Southeast Asia and India for trade. It was a catalyst for the spread of British influence in the area.
What is the British East India Company?
Spending more than the government takes in; used to spur economic recovery
What is deficit spending?
The economic policy of Mao Zedong introduced in 1958 which proposed small-scale industrialization projects integrated into peasant communities and resulted in economic disaster; ended in 1960.
What is the Great Leap Forward?
A South African system instituted in 1948 that enforced the segregation of people based on race.
What is Apartheid?
an economic system in which the means of production, such as factories and natural resources, are privately owned and are operated for profit.
What is Capitalism?
White Europeans claimed responsibility for caring for and civilizing natives of their respective colonies.
What is the White Man's Burden?
A belief in the superiority of one's nation over all others and the single-minded promotion of national interests
What is hypernationalism?
A political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eastern Europe after World War II, restricting their ability to travel outside of the region
What is the Iron Curtain?
An NGO that treated people for Malaria and worked on preventative efforts such as distributing mosquito nets.
What is Doctors Without Borders?
What is Deism?
the belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggles. Used to justify racist beliefs.
What is Social Darwinism?
A system established through the League of Nations that allowed for the Allies to rule the colonies and territories of the Central Powers.
What is the Mandate System?
Created in the Bandung Conference, this was a group of countries which vowed to stay neutral in the Cold War.
What is the Non-Aligned Movement?
A judicial body set up by the original UN charter that settles disputes over international law.
What is the International Court of Justice?
Ottoman reforms during 1839-1876 after Mahmud that addressed corruption, education, laws, and updated the legal system.
An English economist who wrote Essay on the Principle of Population; He theorized that population growth would outrun food supply without limits imposed upon reproduction.
Who is Thomas Malthus?
An ideology that called for the unification of all lands in North Africa and the Middle East.
What is Pan-Arabism?
a 1947 speech by US President Harry Truman that outlined what the US needed to do to stop the spread of communism, specifically in Turkey and Greece.
What is the Truman Doctrine?
What is NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)?
the desire of Jews to re-establish an independent homeland where their ancestors had lived in the Middle East.
What is socialism?
A six-week period following the Japanese capture of the Chinese city of Nanjing. During this period, hundreds of thousands of civilians were murdered and 20,000-80,000 women were raped by soldiers of the Imperial Japanese Army.
What is the Rape of Nanjing (Nanjing Massacre)?
What is Al-Qaeda?
A Muslim ethnic group residing in China that was at the center of unrest over tensions with the Han ethnic group; this social unrest was blamed on social media and resulted in the banning of Twitter and Facebook in China.
Who are the Uighurs?