artitecture, culture and religions
a 16th-century (1500s) religious movement in Europe that challenged the authority of the Catholic Church and led to the establishment of new Christian denominations
What is the Protestant Reformation?
What is Christopher Columbus?
a system of exchange that connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas
What is the triangular trade?
The warrior class of Tokugawa Japan, similar to the knight of Medieval/feudal Europe
What is the Samurais?
Japan during the prosperous and stable Edo period, found unity under the homogenous religions that include Shintoism and Zen Buddhism, shogunate of Japan before Meiji Restoration
What is Tokugawa Japan?
Building founded by Louis the XIV (14th), reinforced absolute monarchy and showcased the extravagance of the French court and royal monarchy
What is the Versailles?
French monarch the led an absolute monarchy and built the building of Versailles
What is King Louis the XIV (14th)?
an economic system prevalent in Europe, where nations aimed to increase their wealth and power by maximizing exports and minimizing imports, particularly in precious metals like gold and silver
What is mercantilism?
The imperial forces of the Ottoman empire, was made through the Devhsirme, where Christian boys were taken from homes and converted to Islam and were adopted into the military
What is the Janissaries?
The dynasty of China that succeeded the Ming, most notable for the Manchus that ruled over the Han using a strategic centralized bureaucracy
What is the Qing Dynasty?
The majority branch of Muslims, dominated and led Ottoman and Mughal empires, conflicted with Shi'a Muslims that were mainly in the Safavid Empire
What is the Sunni Muslims/Islam?
Ignited the Protestant Reformation, with the help of the invention of printing, was able to draft and distribute the 95 Theses that pointed out the corruptions of the Catholic Church
What is Martin Luther?
Involved the funding and organizing European exploration and colonization, particularly in the 17th and 18th centuries; often chartered by monarchies, raised capital by selling shares
What is the joint stock company?
Labor system used by Incan empire and later Spanish colonial powers, mobilized a portion of the population for governmental labor projects such as farms and construction
What is the Mit'a System?
a type of maritime empire established by European powers, primarily in the 16th and 17th centuries (1500s-1600s), that focused on controlling trade routes and ports rather than territorial conquest
What is the trading post empire?
Mughal Empire building that became a symbol of the empire's power and wealth--one of the 7 wonders ;)
Mughal leader who centralized administration, promoted religious tolerance, and established a reformed tax system
What is Akbar the Great?
Inspired by the Arab dhow, a compact ship of Portuguese origin that featured triangular sails and a sternpost rudder making it capable of crossing oceans; used during the Age of Exploration
What is the caravel?
a slave system where enslaved people were treated as property, began with European colonization, involved the enslavement of Africans and African Americans
What is chattel slavery?
the group responsible for the prominent religious order within the Catholic Church that played a significant role in the Counter-Reformation and global missionary efforts
What is the Jesuits?
An investigation that questioned and prosecuted on the basis of faith, practiced by the Catholic Church
What is Inquisition?
King that led the English Reformation, or the conversion of the English state from Catholicism to Protestant
What is King Henry the VIII (8th)?
a labor system implemented by the Spanish in the Americas during the 16th century (1500s), allowed Spanish colonists to demand labor from Native Americans in exchange for "protection" and conversion to Christianity
What is the encomienda system
Apart of the hierarchy of the Mughals and later East Indian Companies, served as intermediate between administration and peasants--primarily collected tax from their respective inhabited land holdings
What is the Zamindars?
people of European descent born in the Americas, significant part of the colonial social structure, occupying a second-tier position below those born in Europe (peninsulares)
What are creoles?