Period 1
1200-1450
1200-1450
A network of ancient trade routes that connected the Eastern and Western worlds from the 2nd century BCE to the mid-15th century
What is the Silk Road?
The brutal, transatlantic voyage that forcibly transported millions of enslaved Africans to the Americas as part of the triangular slave trade.
What is the Middle Passage?
The rapid colonization of Africa by European powers, primarily between 1881 and 1914, as they competed to claim territory and resources.
What is the Scramble for Africa?
Known for his role in India's independence movement, his philosophy of nonviolent resistance, and his impact on civil rights movements globally. He led the struggle against British rule using techniques like satyagraha, a form of peaceful resistance, and inspired figures like Martin Luther King Jr.
Who is Gandhi?
He oversaw the war machine that helped defeat Nazism and was the supreme ruler of the Soviet Union for a quarter of a century. His regime of terror caused the deaths of millions.
Who is Joseph Stalin?
Renowned for his immense wealth and lavish display of power during his pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324-1325. He was also a major ruler of the Mali Empire
Who is Mansa Musa?
Famous for his remarkable contributions to art, science, and engineering, earning him the title of a "Renaissance man". He is most renowned for his iconic paintings like the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, as well as his detailed drawings and sketches, including the Vitruvian Man.
Who is Leonardo Da Vinci?
Venezuelan statesman and military officer who led what are currently the countries of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Panama, and Bolivia to independence from the Spanish Empire.
Who is Simon Bolivar?
The systematic destruction of a certain group of people and their identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I.
What is the Armenian Genocide?
A monotheistic religion and philosophy founded in the 15th century by Guru Nanak in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent. It emphasizes devotion to one God, honest living, service to others, and equality of all people.
What is Sikhism?
A virtue in many East Asian cultures, particularly Confucianism, emphasizing respect, obedience, and care for one's parents and elders
What is Filial Piety?
A prominent French figure of the Enlightenment was a staunch advocate for freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and the separation of church and state. He also believed in the importance of reason and progress through scientific advances.
Who is Voltaire?
He led an expedition to Japan in 1853-1854, forcing the Japanese government to open its ports to trade and diplomacy with the United States. This act ended Japan's centuries-long isolation and paved the way for modernization and increased international relations.
Who is Commodore Perry?
Held in 1945, this was a crucial meeting where the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union negotiated the terms for the end of World War II and the post-war world.
What is the Potsdam Conference?
This was the military government of Japan during the Edo period. It unified Japan and ushered in a period of peace, stability, and relative isolation from the outside world.
What is the Tokugawa Shogunate?
Known for leading seven treasure voyages across Asia in the early 1400s, demonstrating China's maritime prowess and extending its influence throughout the region bordering the Indian Ocean.
Zheng He
One of the last Aztec emperors. Under his rule, the Aztec empire had its peak, conquering other tribes and expanding their territories. However, he allowed the Spanish to conquer them due to his religious superstition.
Who is Montezuma II?
Known for his successful resistance against Italian colonization, particularly during the Battle of Adwa in 1896. He also played a crucial role in modernizing Ethiopia, expanding its borders, and establishing a strong diplomatic presence on the world stage.
Who is Menelik the II?
Political ideology that builds upon Marxist theory, which advocates for the establishment of a socialist state through a dictatorship of the proletariat, led by a revolutionary vanguard party.
What is Leninism?
A Hindu-Buddhist temple complex in Cambodia. Located on a site measuring 162.6 hectares within the ancient Khmer capital city of Angkor, it was originally constructed in 1150 CE as a Hindu temple dedicated to the deity Vishnu.
What is Angkor Wat?
A diverse group of people, originating from Africa, that are known for their extensive agricultural practices, including the cultivation of various crops like yams and bananas, and animal herding, particularly of cattle, goats, and sheep.
Who are the Bantu People?
A major empire that ruled from 1501 to 1736, marking a significant era in Persian history. They were a gunpowder empire, known for their military prowess and the establishment of Shia Islam as the state religion.
What is the Safavid Empire?
Leader of the French Revolution, best known for spearheading the Reign of Terror. He was an important member of the Jacobin political party.
Who is Robespierre?
A major event where oil-producing Arab countries, primarily members of OAPEC (Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries), stopped oil exports to the United States and other Western nations in response to their support of Israel during the Yom Kippur War.
What is the Arab Oil Embargo?
The largest pre-Columbian city in North America, flourishing around the Mississippi River between 700 and 1400 CE. It's now a preserved archaeological site, located near St. Louis, Missouri.
What is Cahokia?