Religion
This major world religion, originating in India around 1500 BCE, believes in the concept of dharma (moral duty) and samsara (the cycle of rebirth) and worships a variety of gods, with the most notable being Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva.
What is Hinduism?
This empire, based in present-day Iran, was a major force in the early modern period, known for its military prowess and contributions to art and architecture, especially during the reign of Shah Abbas I.
What is the Safavid Empire?
This Mongol leader, known for uniting the Mongol tribes and creating the largest contiguous land empire in history, died in 1227 but left a lasting impact on the world during the period from 1250-1450.
Who is Genghis Khan?
This global exchange of goods, crops, and ideas between the Americas, Europe, and Africa, beginning in the late 15th century, also led to the spread of diseases that drastically impacted indigenous populations in the Americas.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
This invention, introduced in the late 18th century, revolutionized the textile industry by dramatically increasing the speed of cloth production and was a key development during the Industrial Revolution.
What is the spinning jenny?
This religion, founded in the 6th century BCE by Confucius, emphasizes moral values, social harmony, and the importance of family relationships, particularly filial piety.
What is Confucianism?
This empire, which ruled over India from the 16th to the 19th century, was known for its cultural achievements, including the Taj Mahal, and its powerful military leadership under rulers like Akbar the Great.
What is the Mughal Empire?
This significant trading route, connecting China to Europe, flourished during the Mongol Empire and played a crucial role in the exchange of goods, ideas, and diseases between East and West during the 13th and 14th centuries.
What is the Silk Road?
This system, which emerged in the Spanish colonies in the Americas, was characterized by forced labor, where indigenous peoples were made to work in mines or on plantations in exchange for protection and Christian instruction.
What is the encomienda system?
This social and economic shift, which began in Britain in the late 18th century, transformed manufacturing processes, leading to urbanization, the rise of factory work, and major changes in labor systems.
What is the Industrial Revolution?
This religion, originating in the 1st century CE in the Roman Empire, is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ, who is believed by followers to be the Son of God and the savior of humanity.
What is Christianity?
This West African empire, known for its wealth from gold and salt trade, reached its peak in the 14th century under the rule of Mansa Musa, who famously made a pilgrimage to Mecca.
What is the Mali Empire?
This devastating event, which struck Europe in the mid-14th century, killed millions and significantly disrupted social, economic, and political structures, leading to labor shortages and economic shifts.
What is the Bubonic Plague
This European invention, first developed in the 15th century, revolutionized navigation, enabling explorers to travel farther and more accurately, and played a crucial role in the Age of Exploration.
What is the caravel?
This movement, which gained momentum in the 19th century, emphasized the importance of national identity and led to the unification of several European states, most notably in Italy and Germany.
What is nationalism?
This major world religion, founded in the 7th century CE by the Prophet Muhammad, teaches that Allah is the one true God and emphasizes the Five Pillars of Islam as key practices for believers.
What is Islam?
This empire, which controlled much of the Mediterranean world at its peak, was known for its extensive road networks, Roman law, and the Pax Romana, a period of relative peace and stability.
What is the Roman Empire?
This navigational instrument, perfected by sailors in the 14th century, greatly improved long-distance travel and was crucial for European exploration of the African coast and the Americas.
What is the astrolabe?
This economic theory, which dominated European thought in the 16th to 18th centuries, emphasized that nations should accumulate wealth through a positive balance of trade, often through the use of colonies and the exploitation of resources.
What is mercantilism?
This invention, introduced in the mid-19th century, allowed for faster communication over long distances, transforming both business and personal interactions and playing a significant role in global connectivity.
What is the telegraph?
This religion, founded in the 6th century BCE by Siddhartha Gautama, teaches that suffering is inherent in life, and the path to overcoming it is through the attainment of Nirvana by following the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path.
What is Buddhism?
This empire, at its height in the 13th century under the leadership of Kublai Khan, spanned much of Asia and became the largest contiguous empire in world history, connecting the East and West through the Silk Roads.
What is the Mongol Empire?
This technological advancement, introduced to Europe from China during the 14th century, greatly enhanced military capabilities and contributed to the development of gunpowder weapons like cannons.
What is gunpowder?
This significant global phenomenon in the 17th century involved the transfer of crops, animals, and goods between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, significantly reshaping agricultural production and diets around the world.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
This global event, occurring in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, resulted in mass migration from rural areas to cities, significantly altering social structures and contributing to the rise of urban centers.
What is urbanization?