Unit 3: Land-Based Empires
What were the five land based empires?
Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal, Ming or Qing Dynasties, and Russia
What was the first empire to travel into the Indian Ocean?
The Portuguese
What was the Enlightenment?
A change from feeling to reasoning, and that man had unalienable human rights
What is social Darwinism?
The idea that white people were globally dominant because of biological superiority.
Why did Mansa Musa travel to Mecca?
The hajj
What was the cause of the conflict between the Ottoman and Safavid empires?
Different sects of Islam (Sunni vs Shi'a)
What was the reason that they turned to Africa for more slaves for labor?
The Native population was decreasing
What was one of changes that occurred to the social classes as a result of industrialization?
The rise of a middle class or industrial working class
What were the spheres of influence?
Western domination in China that divided it up into locations where they would control trade and the economics.
Name 2 innovations that encouraged the growth of interregional trade? (Unit 2)
Caravanserai, forms of credit, compass, astrolabe and larger ship designs
What were 2 ways governments in this time legitimized their rule?
imperial portraits, divine right, monumental architecture
For what system was the Incan mit'a system used as a basis?
the encomienda system
What was a cause of the many revolutions during this time period?
Discontent with government
What was a cause of the Meiji restoration?
The fear of western domination like in China, or the arrival of U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry
What was the Manhattan Project?
The atomic bomb
What was the devshirme system?
How the Ottoman empire staffed their government
What policies did Europeans use to expand and control their economies and overseas territories?
Mercantilist policies
Cheaper goods made during this time period
Explain how the civilizing mission was a driving force of European imperialism
To convert the lower races and that they could not govern themselves
What was the Schlieffen Plan & what was its outcome?
Germanys plan to go through Belgium to France to avoid a two-front war, and Belgium refused because they were neutral.
Explain 3 different types of taxing systems during this time period (what they were)
1. Ottoman Tax farming: sold taxing rights to the highest bidder
2. Zamindar System: Zamindars collected taxes, hence the name
3. Aztec Tributary System: surrounding areas made offers such as local products or people to be used as sacrifice
4. Ming Hard Currency: use of rice or silver coins
Name 3 different types of technological developments or adoption of technology used during this time period to trade overseas
What was one of the causes of the interregional migrations during this time period?
New job opportunities
What was the cause and effect of the opium wars?
Cause: China was self-sufficient, and Britain didn't like that because they wanted to trade, so they started importing illegal opium
Effect: China lost, so unequal treaties were signed giving Britain more control over China's markets
Where was Angkor Wat located?
The Khmer Empire