East Asia: Empires and Cultures
What concept was used in China to justify the emperor's authority, suggesting that heavens supported a just ruler but could withdraw that support from an unjust one?
A. Filial Piety
B. Mandate of Heaven
C. Civil Service Exam
D. Zen Buddhism
The Islamic Golden Age, flourishing between 800 and 1200 CE, was marked by tremendous achievements in scholarship and the arts, with Muslim scholars advancing fields such as mathematics, medicine, and astronomy. Which major scientific innovation is mentioned as spreading during this period?
A. The printing press
B. The invention of Algebra
C. The steam engine
D. The compass
Which major religion, originating in India, is characterized by its belief in Brahman as the creator god, Shiva as the destroyer, and Vishnu as the preserver, and is closely associated with the Caste System?
A. Buddhism
B. Sikhism
C. Jainism
D. Hinduism
What was the dominant political and social system in Western Europe from 500 to 1000 CE, characterized by a decentralized government where land (fiefs) was exchanged for military service and loyalty?
A. Absolute monarchy
B. Feudalism
C. Republic
D. Democracy
The Chinese Civil Service Exam, developed before 1200 CE, played a crucial role in the Song Dynasty by creating an educated bureaucracy composed primarily of what social group?
A. Artisans and merchants
B. Peasants and farmers
C. Scholar-gentry
D. Warriors and military leaders
According to Islamic legal tradition, as reflected in sources like the Quran and Hadith, how were non-Muslim subjects generally treated in many Muslim-ruled territories between 600 and 1400 CE?
A. They were often forced to convert to Islam or face immediate execution.
B. They were typically enslaved and used for manual labor.
C. They were generally tolerated, allowed to practice their religions, and had their rights protected, often in exchange for a special tax (jizya).
D. They were expelled from Muslim lands.
Before 1200 CE, the Indian Ocean Trade network was crucial for linking various regions. Which specific commodity, alongside spices like cinnamon and nutmeg, became a major export from India to Southeast Asia, contributing to the spread of Buddhism to regions like Vietnam and Malaysia?
A. Silk and porcelain
B. Gunpowder and printing
C. Cotton textiles and manufactured goods
D. Gold and ivory
What was the dominant political and social system in Western Europe from 500 to 1000 CE, characterized by a decentralized government where land (fiefs) was exchanged for military service and loyalty?
A. Absolute monarchy
B. Feudalism
C. Republic
D. Democracy
While both China and Japan developed sophisticated societies before 1200 CE, a key difference in their political and social structures was that Japan's decentralized feudal system emphasized the role of....
A. A highly centralized imperial bureaucracy based on Confucianism.
B. Samurai, a warrior class bound by a code of honor.
C. A powerful class of land-owning merchants.
D. Monastic orders that controlled significant political power.
The map of the Muslim World @ 900 CE shows a vast territory stretching across North Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Spain. The political structure that governed this extensive empire, establishing a new Muslim legal code called Sharia and sponsoring scholarly achievements, was primarily the:
A. Byzantine Empire
B. Holy Roman Empire
C. Caliphate
D. Delhi Sultanate
The arrival of Muslim invaders from Central Asia led to the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate in India in the 13th century. This event significantly impacted the region by:
A. Unifying India under a single, indigenous Buddhist empire.
B. Introducing a new monotheistic religion and leading to the integration and linking of the world.
C. Reinforcing the traditional Hindu caste system and suppressing all foreign religions.
D. Converting the majority of the population to Islam through peaceful means.
The Kingdom of Mali and the city of Timbuktu in West Africa became famous for their wealth and scholarly centers between 1200 and 1500 CE. This prosperity was largely due to their involvement in what significant trans-regional trade network?
A. Silk Road
B. Indian Ocean Trade
C. Trans-Saharan Trade
D. Mediterranean Sea Trade
The Great Schism of 1054 created a religious divide within Christianity, separating the Latin (Roman Catholic) and Greek (Eastern Orthodox) churches. How did this event indirectly impact the relationship between Western Europe and the Byzantine Empire regarding the Pope's authority?
A. It led to the Byzantine Emperor accepting the Pope's supremacy over all Christian lands.
B. It solidified the distinct religious and political identities, reinforcing the Pope's leadership in the West and the Emperor's in the East, without one submitting to the other.
C. It resulted in a joint military alliance between the Pope and the Byzantine Emperor against Muslim expansion.
D. It caused the Pope to fully convert to Eastern Orthodoxy, unifying the churches under the Emperor.
During the period between 1200 and 1450, Western Europe experienced a "renaissance" of Roman government and administration under the Byzantine Emperor Justinian. However, a significant development that defined the relationship between the Pope and the Byzantine Emperor was:
A. The unification of all Christian churches under the Pope's authority.
B. The Great Schism in 1054, which led to distinct Latin (Roman Catholic) and Greek (Eastern Orthodox) churches.