Unit 2 Review
The major network of exchange that occurred between India, East Africa and the Middle East
What is the Indian Ocean Trade?
This empire controlled the "faucet" of the spice trade with Europe and competed with the Safavids for control
What is the Ottomans?
The two major trends of European government after the Black Plague and the collapse of feudalism?
What are absolutism and constitutional monarchy?
This major state was isolated from the rest of the world due to a desire to preserve its culture
What is Tokugawa Japan?
The biggest issue for the Ottomans going forward; "The Sick Man of Europe"
What is failure to modernize?
The Indian/Arabic type of ship that utilized lateen sails to harness the Monsoon Winds to travel the Indian Ocean
What is a dhow ship?
A system of kidnapping Christians, converting them to Islam and indoctrinating them in the practices of the bureaucracy or training them as elite soldiers; "slaves of the state"
What is the devshirme system?
An early reformer who has the same objections as Martin Luther and translated the Bible into English but had his writings burned after his death
Who is John Wycliffe?
These were the levels/classes of Japanese feudalism
What is peasants/serfs -> samurai -> daimyos -> Shogun/Emperor
The three gunpowder empires were all brought down by versions of these three factors
What is failure to modernize, collapse of trade routes and internal religious/ethnic divisions?
The three major travelers of this era
Who is Ibn Battuta, Marco Polo and Margery Kempe?
These tax collectors skimmed money off the top as pay and eventually used it to build loyal armies and claim their own land, undermining the rule of Mughal emperors
What is zamindars?
The period of time in which French Catholics kidnapped the Pope and re-established the papacy in Avignon to assert control over the Church, which led to the Roman Church declaring that pope illegitimate and leading to a period of two popes
What is the Babylonian Captivity?
Under the Ming Dynasty, the government restored this and established one of these in order to re-assert Chinese influence and culture in the government
What are the Civil Service Exam and a national school system?
A way in which the Ottomans, Russians and French assured that government officers and tax collectors would remain loyal to the government and return tax money to the ruler to consolidate power
What is tax farming/paying them directly as government employees?
The ways in which Temujin attempted to ensure a well-run empire after his death
What is consulting Islamic/Chinese scholars, religious tolerance, the Uighur alphabet?
This was the name of the attempt for Akbar to combine Islam and Hinduism into one universal religion
What is Din-i Ilahi?
The three major ways in which the Catholic Church attempted to Counter the Protestant Reformation?
What is the Inquisition, the spreading of Jesuit missionaries, and the reform of corruption
This was the system in Japan most similar to Ivan the Terrible's strategy in Russia of forcing the boyars to live in the capital
What is the Hostage System?
The major theme of this unit in which governments are seeking ways in which to solidify their rule
What is centralization?
A complex European conflict in which early English/French/German nationalism was born and fought over a long period for primarily religious reasons
What is the Hundred Years' War?
This was the idea of Tamerlane that the Gunpowder Empire modeled their cultural systems on, in which Muslims descended from nomadic peoples are uniquely powerful and suited to conquering the world
What is the ghazi ideal?
What is the Scientific Revolution?
This was the final dynasty of China, ruling after the Ming, which began the golden age of Chinese writing and art, conquering its neighbors, and eventually fell due to corruption and European imperialism
What is the Qing Dynasty?
A major way in which empires displayed their wealth, their power or their shared cultural identities
What is monumental architecture?