World War I
What were the long term causes of WWI
M.A.I.N. (Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism)
What type of government was established as a result of the Russian Revolution?
Communist govt
Which Indian leader promoted nonviolent resistance to British colonial rule?
Mahatma Gandhi
Which worldwide event, starting in 1929, led to high unemployment rates and is a reason for the rise of Fascism governments in Europe?
The Great Depression
Which event marked the official start of World War II in 1939?
The German invasion of Poland
Why was WWI the most devasting war the world had seen up to that point in time?
Technology used in warfare (poison gas, tanks, machine guns, airplanes), and that is why trench warfare was used
What did Lenin and the Bolsheviks promise the people, which helped attract support?
Peace, Land, and Bread
What was the Pan-Africanism movement?
Unity of all Africans and advocating for the liberation and self determination of Africa.
How did the map of Europe change after WWI? Give two examples
Both the Ottoman Empire and Austro-Hungarian Empire dissolved, in its place, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria were created (self-determination)
Which countries formed the Axis Powers during World War II?
Germany, Italy, and Japan
The Triple Entente became the Allied Powers during WWI and the Triple Alliance became the Central Powers. Name at least 3 countries on the Allies and 3 countries from Central Powers
Allied Powers: UK, France, Russia, Serbia, then US.
Central Powers: Ottoman Empire, Austro Hungarian Empire, Bulgaria.
Name 3 causes of the Russian Revolution?
WWI, food shortages, poor leadership, no voice in government (Absolute govt), social inequality
Why did Kemal Ataturk modernize Turkey after WWI? And How did Kemal Ataturk modernize Turkey? Give an example.
WHY? To avoid being imperialized.
HOW? Built railroads, forced western dress, banned the fez (Turkish traditional hat), introduced the western alphabet, made Turkey a secular country
Name two characteristics of Fascism and who was the leader in Italy?
One party rule, extreme nationalism, bringing up glory of past times, glorification of military, blind loyalty to leader
Leader: Benito Mussolini
How did WWII end?
The dropping of the atomic bombs on Japan (Hiroshima and Nagasaki)
Explain the concept of total war
When all of a nation’s resources are dedicated to the war effort and both the civilian and the military populations mobilize the defeat an enemy. Govt uses strategies including propaganda, art, media and intensified forms of nationalism to join the cause.
Why was there a forced famine in Ukraine under Stalin?
Because the kulaks (wealthy peasant farmers) refused to abide with collectivization so he let them starve.
Why was the Balkan Peninsula referred to as the Powder Keg of Europe prior to WWI?
There were many ethnicities living under the Austro-Hungarian empire and there were ethnic and nationalist tensions.
Why did Britain and France use the policy of appeasement Hitler when he asked to annex Czechoslovakia’s Sudetenland in 1938?
They believed in avoiding a war. Chamberlain said “peace in our time” was achieved. Shortly thereafter Hitler invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia.
What were the Nuremberg Trials and why were they purposely held in that city following WWII?
The Nuremberg Trials were held to hold high-level Nazis accountable for their war crimes and atrocities. It was in Nuremberg as a symbol because this is where the first laws against Jews were passed in 1935 stripping Jews of their civil rights.
How was Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points different than the Versailles Treaty? How was it the same?
Different - a punishing treaty, forced Germany to take full blame of war, had to pay reparations, had to reduce its military, had to give up its colonial possessions
Similar - self determination, the creation of the League of Nations, freedom of the seas
How was Lenin’s rule different than Stalin’s rule? How was it the same?
Different: Lenin established The New Economic Policy (NEP) which allowed for some private ownership, Stalin made the USSR a totalitarian state - total control, command economy, and he established collectivization. 5 year plan to industrialize
SAME: one party rule, censorship, eliminating opposition
Give two reasons why Gandhi’s methods against British rule were effective?
1. Gandhi’s philosophy of nonviolence (ahimsa) gave the Indian independence movement a moral authority that was difficult for the British to undermine. While the British often portrayed their colonial rule as a "civilizing mission," Gandhi turned the moral tables by framing British rule as unjust and immoral.
2. Gandhi’s methods were inclusive, allowing millions of Indians from all walks of life—farmers, workers, women, and the poor—to participate.
3. By defying British law and encouraging widespread participation in acts of civil disobedience, Gandhi forced the British to respond to mass violations of the law, which made it increasingly difficult for them to maintain control over the population. The Salt March and other acts of civil disobedience showed that India’s people were no longer willing to be passive subjects of British rule.
4. Gained worldwide sympathy and often invited journalists to travel with him so they could report to the world the injustice the Indians faced living under British rule.
5. Economic pressure of boycotts (homespun movement)
Give three examples of Axis Aggression between the wars.
Hitler reoccupation of the Rhineland, Mussolini invaded Ethiopia, Japan invaded Manchuria, Hitler rebuilt his armies, annexed Austria, invaded Czechoslovakia
Give two reasons for the D-Day invasion in Normandy, France on June 6, 1944.
1. To liberate France from the Nazis
2. To force Hitler to fight a two front war in Europe (Americans/British from the West and the Soviets from the East)