Themes of AP orientation and intro
This system protects the body, helps temp control, makes vitamin D, and senses touch/pain/temperature.
What is the integumentary system?
This detects the stimulus.
What is receptor/sensor?
What does the serosae line?
What is closed ventral body cavities and cover organs inside those cavities?
What are the major body elements?
Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen are 96% of the body and the major elements.
What are proteins and their function?
Proteins: built from amino acids. Function: enzymes, transport, structural support, movement, receptors, and antibodies.
This system protects organs, stores minerals/fat, and forms blood cells.
What is the skeletal system? (bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints)
This compares to the set point?
What is the control center?
What does the parietal layer and visceral layer line?
The parietal layer lines the cavity wall, and visceral layer covers the organ surface?
What is the charge of PNE? How do you get atomic number? How do you get atomic mass?
P - positive in nucleus, N - neutral in nucleus, electrons - negative around nucleus. Atomic number - protons. Atomic mass - P+N
What are nucleic acids and their function?
Nucleic acids: DNA & RNA built from nucleotides. Function: DNA stores genetic information. RNA helps make proteins.
This system controls movement, posture, heat production, and supports soft tissues.
What is the muscular system? skeletal muscles
What carries out the response?
What is the effector?
What is serous fluid?
The fluid between the layers that reduces friction.
What are organic compounds?
Organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen. Main groups: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and ATP.
What is ATP?
ATP is adenosine triphosphate; the immediate usable energy molecule for cells.
This system has rapid control, communication, sensory input, integration, and motor output.
What is the nervous system? brain, spinal cord, and nerves
The response reverses the original change. Most common. Ex: body temperature and blood glucose control.
What is negative feedback?
What is the Reflex arc?
Receptor-sensory neuron-integration center/CNS-motor neuron-effector-response
What are carbohydrates? What are their building blocks and functions?
Sugars and starches. Building blocks are monosaccharides like glucose. Function: quick energy and energy storage as glycogen.
What is glucose?
A simple sugar and a major fuel molecule for cells.
The body is constantly adjusting variables such as temperature, blood glucose, blood pressure, and fluid volume. A dynamic balance.
What is homeostasis?
The response intensifies the original change until an endpoint stops it. Ex: childbirth and blood clotting.
What is positive feedback?
What are the levels of organization?
atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
What are lipids, their building blocks, and their function?
Lipids: fats, phospholipids, and steroids. Building blocks: glycerol and fatty acid. Function: stored energy, membranes, hormones, insulation.
What is glycolysis?
Glycolysis breaks down glucose to release energy and begins in the cytoplasm. Glycolysis can occur without oxygen. Aerobic pathways begin in the mitochondria when oxygen is available.