Sensory Feedback
The sense of body position and movement.
What is proprioception?
This type of movement includes motor command and prediction.
What is active movement?
This visual stream processes “how” information for action.
What is the dorsal stream?
Maintaining COM within BOS defines this.
What is postural stability?
The dominant sensory modality for movement control.
What is vision?
This receptor detects muscle length and stretch velocity.
What are muscle spindles?
This type relies only on sensory feedback.
What is passive movement?
This stream processes object identity.
What is the ventral stream?
Maintaining body alignment relative to environment.
What is postural orientation?
When vision is removed, reliance increases on these systems.
What are proprioceptive and vestibular systems?
These receptors detect muscle tension and force.
What are Golgi tendon organs?
Two conditions are tested: Active matching and Passive Matching
Both have identical peripheral input, but one shows lower variability.
What additional mechanism explains this difference?
What is alpha–gamma coactivation (or central motor command involvement)?
Damage to the dorsal stream causes this condition.
What is optic ataxia?
Balance used to maintain a steady position.
What is steady-state balance?
This theory explains shifting reliance between senses.
What is sensory reweighting?
This mechanism keeps muscle spindles sensitive during contraction.
What is alpha-gamma coactivation?
These receptors contribute to proprioception by detecting skin stretch and pressure, especially in the hands and feet.
What are cutaneous receptors?
Damage to the ventral stream causes this condition.
What is visual agnosia?
Balance used to recover after perturbation.
What is reactive balance?
Prisms create this type of mismatch.
What is visual–proprioceptive mismatch?
Active movement is more accurate because of this predictive signal.
What is efference copy?
During quiet standing, these receptors in the plantar surface help detect shifts in weight and center of pressure.
What are foot cutaneous receptors?
Fast automatic corrections during movement occur in about this time.
What is ~100–150 ms?
Pre-activating muscles before movement is called ___.
What is anticipatory postural control?
After removing prisms, errors in the opposite direction are called ___.
What are aftereffects?