Maroon Communities
These communities emerged across the African diaspora, often in remote, hidden environments.
What are maroon communities?
The ACS bought and colonized this area on the coast of West Africa in order to send free Blacks from the US.
What is Liberia?
This strategy sought social change by persuading people through appeals to morality and ethics.
What is moral suasion?
This covert network of abolitionists provided transportation, shelter, and other resources to people fleeing enslavement.
What is the Undergound Railroad?
This famed Underground Railroad conductor returned to the South at least 19 times.
Who is Harriet Tubman?
This North American swamp, located between Virginia and North Carolina, was a site of maroon communities.
This Black abolitionist took 39 African Americans to Freetown in 1815.
Who is Paul Cuffee
Militant abolitionists urged enslaved African Americans to use any tactic, including this, to achieve freedom.
What is violence?
This federal law (passed in 1793 and 1850) authorized the return of escaped refugees to enslavers.
Tubman led about this many enslaved African Americans to freedom on the Underground Railroad.
What is 80 people?
This maroon leader in Panama led his community in wars against the Spanish.
Who is Bayano
This term describes the ideology promoting Black unity, pride, and self-determination embraced by emigrationists such as Paul Cuffee and Martin R. Delany.
What is Black nationalism
This antislavery pamphlet written by David Walker was smuggled into the South as a radical resistance tactic.
What is the Appeal?
Beyond the U.S. North, the Underground Railroad helped people resettle in these two countries.
What are Canada and Mexico?
Tubman sang these to alert enslaved people about plans to leave.
What are spirituals?
This maroon leader fought the English in Jamaica during the eighteenth century.
Queen Nanny
This 1857 Supreme Court case, which said African Americans were not citizens, exemplified the racial discrimination emigrationists opposed.
What is the Dred Scott Case/Decision?
Who are enslaved people
An estimated number of African Americans who reached freedom through the Underground Railroad.
What is 30,000?
During the Civil War, Tubman served the Union Army in these three roles.
As a spy, a nurse, and a scout.
Unlike slave revolts, maroon-led wars targeted these authorities to defend collective freedom and autonomy.
colonial governments/colonial authorities
Anti-emigrationists described their claim to citizenship in the United States with this phrase.
What is "birthright citizenship"
While at first, Henry Highland Garnett opposed this for African Americans, he later came to support this solution to discrimination.
What is emigration?
Martin R. Delany felt that African Americans should emigrate to these locations.
Latin America & the Caribbean
During this raid, Tubman became the first American woman to lead a major military operation.
What is the Combahee River raid?