History of South Africa
The Afrikaans word that means "apartness" or "separateness.
Apartheid?
This law required Black South Africans to carry an official identity book with them everywhere.
Pass Laws Act (Passbook)
Crowded, underdeveloped residential areas outside cities where non-white South Africans were forced to live.
Townships
The anti-apartheid leader who spent 27 years in prison before becoming South Africa’s first Black president in 1994.
Nelson Mandela
The practice or policy of keeping people of different races apart.
Segregation
The first European nation to establish a settlement at the Cape of Good Hope in 1652.
the Dutch
This law forced different racial groups to live in separate residential areas.
Group Areas Act
Two public facilities or places that were separated by race under Apartheid (e.g., beaches, buses).
benches, buses, beaches, toilets, entrances, or schools
The Anglican Archbishop who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984 for advocating non-violent resistance against Apartheid.
Desmond Tutu
To refuse to buy goods or deal with a country as a form of protest.
Boycott (or Sanction)
The year the National Party came to power and officially instituted Apartheid as government policy.
1948
This 1950 law classified every South African into four official racial categories: White, Black, Coloured, or Asian.
Population Registration Act
The famous student-led protest in 1976 against forced learning in Afrikaans, where many young people were killed by police.
The Soweto Uprising
The young leader of the Black Consciousness Movement who died in police custody in 1977.
Steve Biko
The unfair treatment of people based on their race, gender, or religion.
Discrimination
The year South Africa held its first democratic, multi-racial election where all citizens could vote.
1994
This legislation created a separate, inferior school system for Black children to prepare them only for manual labor.
Bantu Education Act
The maximum security island prison near Cape Town where political prisoners like Nelson Mandela were held for decades.
Robben Island
The last white President of South Africa who released Mandela from prison and unbanned anti-apartheid political parties.
F.W. de Klerk
A verb that means to officially stop or forbid something by law (e.g., banning political parties).
to ban or to prohibit
The major political party founded in 1912 to fight for the rights of Black South Africans.
ANC (African National Congress)
This law made romantic relationships and marriage between people of different races illegal.
Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act (or Immorality Act)?
The large township near Johannesburg that became a central hub of anti-apartheid resistance.
Soweto (South Western Townships)
The famous term coined by Desmond Tutu to describe multi-racial South Africa after Apartheid ended.
the Rainbow Nation
The process of restoring friendly relations and forgiving past wrongs after a period of conflict.
Reconciliation