Review 1
43. The process by which a soil nutrient is reduced and released to the atmosphere as a gas
(A) Photosynthesis
(B) Eutrophication
(C) Denitrification
(D) Decomposition
(E) Transpiration
(C) Denitrification
44. The process in which glucose is synthesized by plants
(A) Photosynthesis
(B) Eutrophication
(C) Denitrification
(D) Decomposition
(E) Transpiratio
(A) Photosynthesis
45. Elements that cycle in the environment and that also have a gaseous phase at some point in their cycle include which of the following?
I. Carbon
II. Phosphorus
III. Sulfur
A) I only
(B) III only
(C) I and II only
(D) I and III only
(E) I, II, and III
(D) I and III only
46. The ultimate source of energy for terrestrial ecosystem is
(A) nutrients in soil
(B) nutrients in vegetation
(C) primary consumers
(D) producers
(E) the Sun
(E) the Sun
47. Losses of usable energy between successive trophic levels in an ecosystem are best accounted for by which of the following?
(A) The first law of thermodynamics
(B) The second law of thermodynamics
(C) The law of conservation of matter
(D)The process of ecological succession
(E) Limiting factors in the ecosystem
(B) The second law of thermodynamics
48. Exemplified by bees consuming nectar and carrying pollen from one flower to another
(A) Commensalism
(B) Parasitism
(C) Mutualism
(D) Predation
(E) Competition
(C) Mutualism
49. Exemplified by moss growing on a tree trunk in a forest
(A) Commensalism
(B) Parasitism
(C) Mutualism
(D) Predation
(E) Competition
(A) Commensalism
50. Exemplified by starlings displacing bluebirds from nesting sites
(A) Commensalism
(B) Parasitism
(C) Mutualism
(D) Predation
(E) Competition
(E) Competition
51. Exemplified by ticks feeding on a deer
(A) Commensalism
(B) Parasitism
(C) Mutualism
(D) Predation
(E) Competition
(B) Parasitism
52. SEE PAPER FOR TABLE
The table below shows measurements of the beak size of a sample of ten ground finches on each of two islands in the Galápagos archipelago. The two islands are about ten kilometers apart, and all the birds are the same species.
Given that beak size is genetically determined, which of the following hypotheses is the most likely explanation for the differences in data between the islands?
(A) Egg mortality differs on the islands.
(B) Beak size exerts selective pressure on prey size.
(C) Birds on Daphne Island live longer than birds on Santa Cruz Island.
(D) Large-beaked birds move to Santa Cruz Island and small-beaked birds move to Daphne Island.
(E) The types of food found on the two islands exert selective pressure on beak size.
(E) The types of food found on the two islands exert selective pressure on beak size.
53. Five islands, A, B, C, D, and E, differ only in distance from the mainland, area, and species diversity. Which island would be predicted to have the highest species diversity?
(A) Distance from Mainland: 50 km; Area (hectares) 100
(B) Distance from Mainland: 50 km: Area (hectares): 1,000,000
(C) Distance from Mainland: 500 km; Area (hectares): 100
(D) Distance from Mainland: 1000 km; Area (hectares): 100
(E) Distance from Mainland: 1000 km; Area (hectares): 1,000,000
(B) Distance from Mainland: 50 km: Area (hectares): 1,000,000
54. Which of the following is the best explanation of the fact that agricultural production on floodplains is often relatively high?
(A) On floodplains, soils tend to be nutrient-rich and fertile.
(B) On floodplains, high water tables make irrigation unnecessary.
(C) Periodic flooding leaches toxic pollutants out of floodplain soils.
(D) Periodic flooding prevents the pH of floodplain soils from becoming too high.
(E) Floodplains are usually sparsely settled and thus more acreage is available for agriculture.
(A) On floodplains, soils tend to be nutrient-rich and fertile.
55. For a primary producer, the main function of photosynthesis is to manufacture
(A) oxygen
(B) carbon dioxide
(C) glucose
(D) proteins
(E) water
(C) glucose
56. For which of the following reasons do small isolated islands have a greater rate of species extinction than larger, less isolated islands?
(A) Small isolated islands are more likely to receive more migrating species.
(B) Small isolated islands provide opportunities for a greater diversity of species.
(C) Because of their size, small isolated islands accumulate more species by chance.
(D) Small isolated islands have a lower availability of resources.
(E) Because they have fewer available niches, small isolated islands are targeted and colonized by specie
(D) Small isolated islands have a lower availability of resources.
57. The greatest amount of fresh water is found in which of the following?
(A) The atmosphere
(B) Estuaries
(C) Lakes
(D) Rivers and streams
(E) Polar ice caps and glaciers
(E) Polar ice caps and glaciers
58. Of the following organisms, which occupies the lowest trophic level?
A) Spider
(B) Deer
(C) Lion
(D) Hawk
(E) Snake
(B) Deer
59. In North America, native pollinators often increase the quantity and quality of crops of native plants that are insect pollinated more effectively than European honeybees do. The most likely reason for the phenomenon is that native pollinators
A) are unaffected by commercial pesticides
(B) are uniformly smaller than European honeybees
(C) have no known native predators
(D) have coevolved with native plant species
(E) mature quickly without undergoing metamorphosis
(D) have coevolved with native plant species
60. In the graph below charting the growth of a population of organisms, the line labeled K represents the...
see paper for graph
(A) biotic potential of the organism
(B) doubling time of the population in the environment
(C) carrying capacity of the population
(D) reproductive lag time of the organism
(E) intrinsic rate of increase of the population in the environment
(C) carrying capacity of the population