Unit 1: ecosystems
Define Biome
Contains characteristic communities of plants and animals that are a result from, and are adapted to, its climate.
page: 45, APES CED
Define Biodiversity?
the variety of life in the world or an ecosystem.
Page: 60, APES CED
What does a survivorship curve display?
It displays the relative survival rates of a cohort. There is a type 1, type 2, and type 3 curves.
Page: 75, APES CED
What do convergent boundaries result in?
Convergent boundaries result in the creation of mountains, island arcs, earthquakes, and volcanoes.
Page: 88, APES CED
What is tragedy of the commons?
individuals will use shared resources in their own self-interest rather than in keeping with the common good, thereby depleting the resources.
Page: 103, APES CED
What are the differences between freshwater and marine biomes.
Freshwater biomes have stream lakes, river, ponds, etc. while marine biomes include ocean, coral reefs, marshland, estuaries, etc.
Page: 46, APES CED
What are anthropogenic activities?
humans that disrupt ecosystem services, potentially resulting in economic and ecological consequences.
Page: 61, APES CED
What is the major impact of carrying capacities?
A major ecological effect of the population overshoot is dieback of the population because the lack of available resources, famine, disease, and conflict.
Page: 76, APES CED
How does soil form?
Soil are formed when parent material is weathered, transported, and deposited.
Page: 89, APES CED
What is the green revolution?
shift to new agricultural strategies and practices in order to increase food production, with both positive and negative results.
Page: 105, APES CED
What is primary productivity
it is the rate at which solar energy (sunlight) is converted into organic compounds via photosynthesis over a unit of time.
page: 51, APES CED
Difference in characteristics between specialist v generalist. (animals)
Generalist: They survive in a variety of environments. They can also adapt very quicky. less vulnerable to extinction.
Specialist: They can only survive in specific environments. They cannot adapt quickly to environmental changes. More vulnerable to extinction.
Page: 62, APES CED
What happens to a population when there are an abundant of resources.
When there is a lot of resources available the population usually grows.
Page: 77, APES CED
What is the earth's main source of energy?
Solar radiation (Insolation)
Page: 94, APES CED
What are the four types of irrigation systems?
Drip irrigation, flood irrigation, furrow irrigation, and spray irrigation.
Page: 107, APES CED
Cycles essential for life and each cycle demonstrates the conservation of matter.
Page: 52, APES CED
What is an example of a natural disruption.
- wildfire
- hurricanes
- volcanoes
- Droughts
Page: 64, APES CED
A hurricane happening and wiping out some of its population is an example of what factor?
A density-independent factor.
Page: 80, APES CED
Explain El Nino and La Nina.
phenomena associated with changing ocean surface temperatures in the pacific ocean. They believe they can cause global changes to rainfall, wind, and ocean circulation patterns.
Page: 96, APES CED
What is the impact of overfishing.
It leads to extreme scarcity of some fish species, which can lessen biodiversity and harm people who depend on fish for food?
Page: 112, APES CED
The 10% rule is what?
rule that says the transfer of energy from one trophic level to the next, only about 10% of the energy is passed on.
Page: 53, CED
What is the rule of 70
(the equation)
0.7/ growth rate (decimal) = the doubling timein years
Page: Page 80, APES CED
What is a growth rate for a country that has 84,000 births and 55,000 deaths per year long with 24,000 people who immigrate in and 5,000 people who emigrate out.
How to work it out:
(84,000 + 24,000) - (55,000 + 5,000)/23,000,000
Page: 77, APES CED
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a divergent plate boundary where the Eurasian and North American plates are moving apart at an average rate of 2.5 cm/year. If the current distance between the two plates at a certain point is 1,200 km, how many years will it take for them to be 2,000 km apart?
current separation = 1,200 km
Target separation = 2,000 km
Rate of separation = 2.5 cm/year
distance:
2,000 km−1,200 km=800 km
units:
2.5 cm/year=0.000025 km/year
distance formula:
800 km0.000025 km/year
32,000,000 years
It will take 32 million years for the plates to reach 2,000 km apart.
Page: 88, APES CED
A local aquifer was measured to have a water table depth of 15 meters in 2010. By 2020, the water table had dropped to 22 meters due to over-extraction. What is the percent change in water table depth from 2010 to 2020.
22 -15/15 x 100 = 7/15 x 100 = 46.7%
The percent in the water table depth from 2010 to 2020 was 46.7%
Page: 120, APES CED