Random
This type of disruption occurs during seasonal changes
periodic natural disturbances
3 types of biodiversity
Genetic, Species, Ecosystem
Define ecological tolerance
a set of conditions that an organism thrives under
Disease spreads faster in crowded rabbit populations but not in sparse ones. What type of factor is disease?
What is a density-dependent factor?
The main difference between primary and secondary succession
primary starts with bare rock, secondary starts with soil
2 species interactions in which 1 organism benefits and the other is harmed
Parasitism and predation
Identify 2 factors that are used to measure species biodiversity.
species richness & species evenness
What is an example of an abiotic condition that affects the ecological tolerance of a species
temperature, salinity, flow rate and sunlight
The maximum population size that a given environment can sustain
Carrying Capacity
What type of succession happens faster?
Secondary succession
Hurricanes happen during a certain time of the year and are known to reoccur. What type of natural disturbance is this?
What is episodic natural disturbances
In a given ecosystem, producers convert solar energy into 15,000kcal of chemical energy stored in organic compounds. How much energy is available to secondary consumers?
150kcal
What are the 3 categories that would be found on a range of tolerance graph?
optimal range, zone of physiological stress, zone of intolerance
How does species diversity affect the resiliency of an ecosystem?
more biodiverse= more likely to survive bc variety of species
less biodiverse= not likely to survive due to low species variation
What do you call species that first colonize rock and turn it into soil?
Pioneer species
This type of disturbance has no predictable quality, like a meteor hits the earth and starts an ice age.
random disturbance
Plant or animal species that has a disproportionally large effect on its environment relative to its abundance
keystone species
A species who's presence or absence can be used to determine the health of an ecosystem
indicator species
What is the carrying capacity of this population?
7500
What is it called when a community reaches its most productive state in ecological succession?
climax community
Competition
This is an extreme form of genetic drift that occurs when a population is drastically reduced in size, often due to a natural disaster or human activity, resulting in a random and non-representative sampling of the original gene pool among the survivors.
Bottleneck Effect
What key characteristic of many invasive species, such as the zebra mussel and the common raccoon, enables their success by allowing them to adapt to varied environmental conditions like temperature fluctuations, differing salinities, or poor soil quality?
A wide range of tolerance
In 1980 the population of wolves on Isle Royale was 50, ten years later the population of wolves was 15. What is the percent change for the wolf population?
70%
Types of species in a climax community
long-lived, shade-tolerant, and large species