r/k-selected species + Generalist and specialist species
give an example of a r-selected species
Rats, spiders, (any animal that has a lot of offspring)
What is the maximum population a given area can sustain?
Carrying capacity
Give an example of a limiting factor
Disease, resources, habitat size. (anything that can limit the population size and stop growth)
What is the total fertility rate?
Average number of children born in a population.
What are the implications of a high infant mortality rate?
Public health, socioeconomics, and the society's well being
Give an example of k-selected species
Elephant, kangaroo, (any animal that puts a lot of energy into parental care)
What is exponential growth?
Population growth with no limiting factors
How does increasing population impact food production and availability?
Food production rises and availability drops
What factors influence the total fertility rate?
Cultural norms, socioeconomic conditions, access to contraceptives, levels of education, and government policies.
What is the role of medical technology in reducing mortality rates?
Improved medical treatment and early diagnosis help reduce mortality rates.
A species that can easily adapt to the environment and has many ecological niches is a..?
Generalist species
Population graph that repeatedly rises and falls below the carrying capacity
Boom and bust cycle
How is population size affected by birth, death, and migration rates?
Birth and immigration increases population size. Death and emigration decreases population size.
How does TFR differ from the rate of natural increase?
TFR measures the average of children a woman will have in her lifetime and natural increase measures population growth rate from birth and death rates alone.
What does a triangular shape (wide base) indicate?
Population growth
A species that only can live in one environment and struggles to adapt is a..?
Specialist species
Death and birth rates of a post industrial stage
Low birth rates low death rates
How does carrying capacity impact population growth?
It sets a limit on how much a population can grow. This causes growth rates to slow down as it approaches the carrying capacity and can lead to a decline of a population.
What is the net reproduction rate?
NRR is the average number of daughters a woman has in her lifetime
What are some potential reasons for high death rates in stage 1? (pre-industrial stage)
Poor medical care, poor sanitation, and high rates of infectious diseases.
What is the survivorship curve were lifespan has no effect on death rate
Survivorship curve II
Death and birth rates of a pre-industrial stage
High birth rates and high death rates
How do density-dependent and density-independent factors affect carrying capacity?
They limit population growth
What is the Replacement Fertility rate?
2.1 children per woman
What does I=PAT stand for?
Impact = population x affluence x technology