K- and r-selected species and Survivorship Curves
What is a K-selected species?
A species with low intrinsic growth rate that causes the popilation to increase slowly until it reaches the carrying capacity of the environment.
Density-_____ factors depend on the size of the population
Dependent
Is the carrying capacity of Earth for humans known?
Define Age Structure Diagram
A visual representation of the number of individuals within specific age groups for a country, typically expressed for males and females.
What is doubling time?
The number of years it takes for a population to double
A species that has a high intrinsic growth rate, and their population typically increases rapidly.
What type of growth model is a J-shaped curve?
Exponential
What is Demography?
The study of human populations and population trends
What is a Population Pyramid
An age structure diagram that is widest at the bottom and smallest at the top, typically developing countries
Define the Rule of 70
If you divide the number 70 by the percentage population growth rate we can determine a population's doubling time
A type I survivorship curve is?
A pattern of survival over time in which there is high survival through most of the life span, but then individuals start to die in large numbers as they approach old age.
A logistic growth model is known as what?
An S-curve
Crude birth and death rates mean?
Developing countries have relatively low levels of ____ and ____
Industrialization. Income.
What are the stages of demographic transition defined by?
Level of industrialization
A type II survivorship curve is?
A pattern of survival over time in which there is a relatively constant decline in survivorship throughout most of the life span
What are some examples of density-independent factors?
Weather, natural disasters, human-made pollution
Define Net Migration Rate
The difference between immigration and emigration in a given year per 1000 people in a country
Total Fertility Rate is?
An estimate of the average number of children that each woman in a populatin will bear throughout her childbearing years.
What is the birth rate of a country doing in Stage 2?
Remaining constant at a high level
A pattern of survival over time in which there is low survivorship (a high death rate) early in life wth few individuals reaching adulthood
Why would a population decline below the carrying capacity
Scarcity of a resource such as shelter, water, or food
Infant and child mortality refer to:
The number of deaths of children under 1 year of age per 1000 live births and the number of deaths of children under 5 years of age per 1000 live births, respectively.
True or False: Total fertility rate decreases as education levels in women increase
True
What is the death rate of a country doing in Stage 3?
Leveling out at a low level