3.1-3.2
Organisms that are typically larger, longer-lived, and take significantly longer to reach sexual maturity. These species have fewer offspring but dedicate a lot of energy to their offspring through parental care.
what is k-selected species
This is the maximum number of individuals in a population that an ecosystem can support
What is Carrying Capacity (K)
display the relative numbers of individuals in a population and their respective ages. Ecologists use this data, along with information about reproductive potential, to predict the future growth rates of a population
What is an age structure diagram
the average number of children that a woman in a particular population will have
What is TFR (total fertility rate)
A method for determining the number of years it will take for some measure to double, given its annual percentage increase
What is the rule of 70.
typically smaller, shorter-lived organisms that reach sexual maturity quickly. These species have a lot of "energetically cheap" offspring; they are large in number but the parents do not invest energy into taking care of them. This is favorable in low-density conditions where there is little competition for resources.
what is r-selected species
There is a steady decline in survivorship throughout life; survivorship is independent of age.
What is Type 2 survivorship
What ages fall in the following categories:
Pre-reproductive, Reproductive, and Post-reproductive
0-14 (pre), 15-44 (re), 45+ (post)
**BONUS POINTS: What do we call these groups?** (+100)
the number of deaths of children under the age of one per 1,000 people in a population.
What is IMR (infant mortality rate)
Calculating growth rate (r) uses this equation...
(CBR - CDR) / 10
organisms that have very broad niches, meaning they are able to use a wide variety of resources
what is Generalist species
This is the scenario when a population exceeds its carrying Capacity, followed by die-offs
What is overshoot
The age-structure diagram looks like this when the population is declining
What is an inverted pyramid (there are more deaths than births)
These are factors of IMR decline?
What are access to clean water, healthcare, reliable food supply
This stage has people have grown so wealthy they decide they want to travel, buy big houses. Because kids are expensive to raise people decide to have zero or only one child
This is post-industrial/stage 4
organisms that have very narrow niches, meaning they are able to use only specific resources.
what is specialist species
will inhibit the growth rate, by increasing the death rate or decreasing the birth rate, based on the population density. For example: territory, water, food, light, diseases
What is Density-dependent factor
The age-structure diagram looks like this when the population is stable
What is a house-shaped pyramid (there is an equal number of births and deaths)
The overall measure of the quality of life for people in a population
Standard of living
A theory that dictates that the human population is growing faster than our food production capabilities are increasing and warns of a catastrophe once we pass this point
What is Malthusian Theory
Species that follow the logistic growth graph model
Species that follow the exponential growth graph model
What is
k-selected- logistic
r-selected-exponential
will change the birth and death rates, but they will not change with the population density. For example: natural disasters, pollutants, and climate.
What is Density-independent factor
A country whose age structure diagram has many births but many deaths. Looks like a Christmas tree
Pre-industrial countries, any developing country
This is the TFR of developing countries.
What is 2.1 and above
The shift from high to low birth and death rates as a country industrializes.
What is demographic transition