LD50
LD50 is defined as the ____________ which kills ___________ of the TEST population.
dose; 50%
The vector for Malaria is
mosquitoes
E-waste is
old electronics
synthetic, carbon-based, fat-soluble pollutants that aren’t easily metabolised by organisms bodies
what are persistent organic pollutant
has soil that is submerged or saturated with water for all or part of the year, emergent vegetation, plants with adaptations to survive waterlogged soil or complete submergence of roots in standing water
what is a wetland
The threshold level is the dose below which _____ toxic (lethal) effects are observed and/or above which the toxic (lethal) effects _________ __________.
no; are apparent.
The pathogen that causes malaria is
protist
Leachate is
garbage juices
the buildup/concentration of POPs/fat soluble pollutants in the bodies of organisms over time
what is bioaccumulation
TWO examples of ecosystem services provided by wetlands
plants or animals harvested for food sources, regulation of local temperature, absorption of flood waters, recharge groundwater, pollinator habitat, pest control, water filtration
Scientists began with 50 mice. They gave the unfortunate mice a chemical. The LD50 can be determined by the dose at which ____________ mice are remaining. (give specific number of mice)
25
This compound, which can cause thinning of bird shells, is used as a preventative for malaria
DDT
large particles, garbage, pebbles
the increasing concentration per unit of body tissue of POPs in organisms at higher trophic levels
what is biomagnification
TWO human activities that disrupt wetland ecosystems
agricultural runoff carrying pesticides or fertilizers, motor oil/plastic/trash carried in urban stormwater runoff, commercial development that drains wetlands/removes them, upstream dams that limit water and nutrient flow into wetlands, diversion of water for drinking/agriculture that decreases water flow into wetlands, overfishing
Use the following data to determine both the LD50 and the threshold amount. Assume the starting population was 75 mice.
0% lead, 5 dead mice; 0.1% lead, 5 dead mice; 0.2% lead, 12 dead mice; 0.3% lead, 26 dead mice; 0.4% lead, 37.5 dead mice; 0.5% lead, 50 dead mice; 0.6% lead, 75 dead mice
threshold: 0.1% ; LD50: 0.4%
Cholera is caused by _____________. Human health impacts include _________.
bacteria in water; diarrhea
secondary sewage treatment includes
aerobic decomposition of solid organic waste/feces by bacteria OR removal of nitrogen/phosphorous waste by bacteria
POPs can do this to an organism
central nervous system damage, reproductive system damage/disruption
a non energy related purpose for damming a river and one ecological consequence for wetlands located downstream from a dam
flood control/recreation/water supply - deprives downstream wetlands of nutrients in sediments needed for plant growth, decreases water flow to downstream ecosystems, lowering water level and decreasing wetland habitat
Draw a hypothetical dose response curve (with axis labels); clearly identify LD50 on the graph.
answers will vary
This virus is also transmitted by mosquitoes, can cause birth defects such as small heads
what is zika
removal of bacteria/viral pathogens during sewage treatment can include
chlorination, UV light, ozone
Mercury can enter aquatic ecosystems by
combustion of coal releases particulates with mercury attached that can be deposited in downwind aquatic ecosystems by particulates or precipitation, coal ash ponds can overflow which releases mercury into nearby surface water
Name: an area that connects fresh and salt water, a wetland with large woody trees; a wetland with smaller, softer vegetation
estuary, swamp, marsh